1、壹群
壹群人 a crowd/group/multitude/throng/army/team/class of people;a gang/swarm/horde/pack/band of people(in a derogatory way)
troop 通常指聚在壹起活動的、生氣勃勃的壹群人。如:
a troop of demonstrators/shoppers/visitors
bevy 特指女性的“壹群”,有時指鳥類,尤指鵪鶉或雲雀。如:
a bevy of actresses/young women/ladies/shop girls/quails
表貶義的“壹群”有:a mob of angry people/rioters/slaves/liars/blackguards
horde 原意為遊牧部落,通常含有輕蔑色彩:
a horde of lazy-bones/swindlers/locusts/hooligans
band;gang 常指“幫”:
a band of robbers/gangsters/thieves/outlaws
a gang of criminals/slaves/prisoners
壹群牛、象、馬、天鵝 a herd of cattle/elephants/horses/swans
壹群鳥 a flock of birds/geese/hens/goats/swallows/sheep/chickens
壹群獵狗 a pack of hounds/wolves/grouse
壹群狐貍 a skulk of foxes
壹群獅子 a pride of lions
壹群星星 a cluster of stars
壹群魚 a school/shoal of fish/shrimps
壹群馬 a stud/drove of horses
壹群鵝 a gaggle/flock of geese
壹群蚊子/蝴蝶 a swarm of mosquitoes/butterflies
壹群(窩)螞蟻 a colony of ants/bees
壹群建築物 a clump/complex of buildings
2、壹絲/點/層/片
壹片草皮 a chunk of turf
壹絲睡意 a wink of sleep
壹絲懷疑 a shadow of doubt
壹點點工作 a stroke of work
壹線未來之光 a glimpse of future
壹縷月光 a streak of moonlight/amber(fig)
壹絲綠意;壹片綠色 a tint of green
壹片心意 a small token of our hearts
壹絲嫉妒;壹陣窘迫 a slight twinge of jealousy/embarrassment
壹絲惻隱之心 a sign of sympathy for...
壹絲懊悔 a slight twinge of remorse
壹層霜/雪/糖霜 a layer of frost/snow/cream
壹絲失望的眼神 a flicker of disappointment
(剩下)壹口氣/壹絲氣 a spark/breath of life
壹絲失望的情緒 a taint/faint of disappointment
壹片漆黑 completely dark;dismal night;pitch dark
壹片汪洋 a flood of water
3、英譯“壹陣”,頗有學問,且看以下譯例
(突然爆發出的)壹陣哭泣/喝彩/炮擊/雷聲
a burst of tears/cheers/gunfire/thunder
(量如洪水的)壹陣淚雨/瓢潑大雨/誇誇其談
a flood of tears/rain/boasts
少量或稀疏的
壹陣(小)雨/射擊 a spatter of rain/bullets
壹陣稀疏的掌聲/喝彩 a spatter of applause/cheers
聲響很大的
壹陣隆隆的炮聲/雷聲 a peal of artillery/thunder
突然而猛烈的
壹陣暴雨/狂風/烈火 a gust/blast of rain/wind/flame
持續短暫的
壹陣怒氣/激情/咳嗽 a fit of anger/passion/coughing
壹陣嘔吐 a vomiting fit
持續壹段時間的
壹陣厄運/暑熱 a spell of bad luck/summer heat
壹陣寒潮 a cold spell of weather
壹陣昏厥 a fainting spell
(針撚刀刺般的)壹陣內疚/牙痛/風濕痛 a twinge of remorse/toothache/rheumatism
壹陣尷尬 a twinge of embarrassment
(抽搐或顫抖的)壹陣痛苦/傷心/咳嗽/激動 a spasm of pain/grief/coughing/excitement
雹打雨淋般的
壹陣轟炸/打擊/咒罵 a hail of bombs/blows/curse
壹陣彈雨/批評 a shower of bullets/criticism
更多的例子
壹陣歡樂 an agony of joy
壹陣子愛意 a flush of love
壹點點工作 a stroke of work
壹陣心臟病發作 a stroke of heart attack
壹點點滿足 a crumb of satisfaction
壹種混亂的政治局面 a chaos of politics
4、“壹陣”為何有這麽多不同的譯法
其實原因很簡單,漢語“壹陣”這個數量詞不含修辭色彩,可用於各類描述;而在英語中,“壹陣”這個概念則是由許多不同的名詞來表述的,而且這些詞壹般分別具有不同的修辭色彩。如:
spatter “少量”,“稀疏”之義;
peal 專指壹陣響亮或轟鳴的聲音;
twinge 特指肉體或心靈上的壹陣劇烈的刺痛;
burst 泛指突然爆發出的壹陣,有突如其來之感;
hail 和shower的比喻色彩也很濃,有雹打雨淋之感;
spell常用於描述天氣、疾病等,表持續壹陣子;
flood壹詞比喻色彩濃厚,給人以量如洪水,滔滔不絕之感;
gust則專指風、雨、雹、火、煙等的突然而猛烈的壹陣。也可用喻感情的猛烈進發;
fit常指持續時間短暫的壹陣——尤指疾病的短暫發作或感情的短暫進發;
spasm原指痙攣,抽搐,用於動作、感情的壹陣突發時,表抽搐或渾身顫抖之感。
由此可見,英譯“壹陣”,宜細心推敲,酌情翻譯。
5、其他類似的漢譯英所用的修辭性的用法
a)暗喻Metaphor
壹串香蕉a hand of bananas
顆顆汗珠beads of sweat
壹長串汽車a string of cars
很大的朋友圈a large circle of friends
b)借代Metonymy
壹串珍珠 a rope of pearls
壹爐鋼 a heat of steel
壹年三熟 three crops a year
壹大群飛機 a cloud of planes
林立的煙囪 a forest of chimneys
壹片沙灘 a beach of sands
c)誇張Hyperbole
多如牛毛的問題 a sea of troubles
壹大筆錢 a pile of money
勃然大怒 a wave of anger
開懷大笑 gales of laughter
無數次 heaps of times
小不點 a dot of child
壹小撮敵人 a pinch of enemy
滔滔不絕的話語 a flood of words
6、英語常用單位詞及漢語對應詞(Commonly-used unit nouns and their Chinese equivalents)
piece塊;片;段;項;件;篇;首;幅;張
a piece of bread/paper/wood/furniture/land/advice/news/meat/cloth/music...
bit壹點;壹些;壹片
a bit of water/wood/grass/trouble...
item條;則;項
an item of news/information/business/programme...
article件;項;條
an article of furniture/clothing/luggage/export...
grain粒;顆
a grain of ricce/wheat/salt/sand...
drop滴
a drop of water/oil/rain/blood/dew...
slice薄片
a slice of meat/bread/cake/ham...
cake塊
a cake of soap/mud/ice...
bar塊;條
a bar of chocolate/candy/soap...
ear穗
an ear of corn/rice/wheat/millet...
loaf塊;條
a loaf of bread...
lump塊;團
a lump of clay/sugar/earth...
spiral盤
a spiral of mosquito incense...
card板
a card of buttons
pack副;盒
a pack of cards/cigarettes
fistful(s)壹把
a fistful of sand/rice...
handful(s)壹把
a handful of soil...
armful(s)壹抱
an armful of flowers...
cupful(s)壹杯
four cupfuls of jam...
mouthful(s)壹口
a mouthful of snow/whys...
spoonful(s)壹湯匙
a spoonful of sugar...
spadeful(s)壹鏟
a spadeful of coal...
bagful(s)壹袋
a bagful of letters...
但an eyeful of…的意思是“對……大飽眼福”
truckload壹貨車
a truckload of apples...
shipload壹船
a shipload of TV sets...
lorryload壹卡車
a lorryload of iron...
fit壹陣子
a fit of coughing/fever/laughter/anger/...
ray壹線
a ray of hope/intelligence/sunlight…
peal壹陣
a peal of thunder/laughter/applause...
flash閃現壹下
a flash of hope/lightening/wit...
display炫耀壹下
a display of power/courage/force/learning/skill...
attack壹疾病的發作
an attack of fever/malaria
group組;群;批
a group of students...
team隊:組
a team of experts/footballers/scientists...
gang幫;夥;群;隊;組
a gang of four/thieves/robbers...
army大群;隊
an army of beggars/ants/bees...
troop群;夥
a troop of soldiers...
host大群
a host of friends/heroes...
pack群;夥
a pack of liars/thieves/rascals/hounds...
band幫;夥
a band of music(players)/brigands...
choir隊;組;群
a choir of singers...
bunch串;束;掛;群;幫;夥
a bunch of bananas/fools/flowers/keys/thieves.
bouquet束;把
bouquet of flowers
string串;掛;節
a string of beads/pearls/words/thread
sheaf p1.sheaves捆;束
a sheaf of wheat/arrows/papers
crew幫;夥;全體
a crew of sailors/pilots
party組;夥;批
a party of guests/children...
batch批
a batch of letters/telegrams/visitors...
gaggle群
a gaggle of geese/girls...
litter壹窩
a litter of kittens/little piglets/puppies...
herd群
a herd of elephants/deer/cattle...s
swarm群
a swarm of ants/locusts/bees/people/stars...
cluster串;束;群;組
a cluster of flowers/grapes/bees/islands/stars...
a cluster of butterflies/grapes/berries/consonants/houses
brood窩;群;組
a brood of chickens/paintings/thieves...
school群
a school of whales/dolphins...
shoal群
a shoal of fish/whales/people...
flock群
a flock of geese/birds/pigeons/ducks/visitors/customers...
dozen壹打
a dozen(of)pencils/eggs/red roses...
gross壹羅
a gross of nails/pencils/can openers...
pile壹大堆
a pile of what-ifs壹大堆假定
mound壹大堆
a mound(mouthful)maybes滿嘴的可能
clump壹群
a clump of islands/buildings
school流派
the school of traditional grammar
train壹列
a train of cars壹列火車廂
pot壹鍋
a pot of soup/tea/water...
fleck片
a fleck of snow...
7、 漢英表量的對應名詞(Quantity and amount in both languages)
中英文都有表量的手法,除了常見的平鋪直敘的說法,還有壹些修辭性說法。如:
a sea of people/flames/blood/flags/flowers/happy faces 如海般的/如潮壹樣的人群;火海;血海;旗海;花海;無數幸福的面孔
an ocean of trouble/time/space/cheering 無窮的麻煩;無休止的時間;浩瀚的宇宙;歡樂的海洋
a scene of great rejoicing 壹片歡騰
a chorus of protest/praise 壹片抗議之聲/贊揚之聲
a trove of Chinese porcelain 壹批中國磁器
a grove of coco(a)nut/bamboo 壹片椰林/竹林
a blaze of lights 壹片燈火
a mountain of debts/rubbish/money/dirty clothes 債臺高築/垃圾如山;家財萬貫;壹大堆臟衣服