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dynamic和dynamical有什麽區別

Dynamics是壹個可數名詞的復數形式。在詞典中具有4種意思:

(1)力學的分支,考察物體在力的作用下所產生的運動。

The branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of bodies under the action of forces

(2)考察力或變化的科學分支。(如化學反應動力學)

The branch of any science in which forces or changes are considered, - chemical dynamics

(3)對於壹個系統或過程中,能夠刺激生長、發育或變化的力或屬性。(如the dynamics of changing social relations)

The forces or properties that stimulate growth, development, or change within a system or process. - the dynamics of changing social relations

(4)樂器不同部件中音量的變化。

The varying levels of volume of sound in different parts of a musical performance.

在網絡中,和2、3相近的意思有:

(1)在物理學領域中,研究運動起因或運動中變化的原因的科學叫做動力學。換而言之,動力學是研究力的科學,是試圖解釋為什麽物體會處於運動狀態的科學。

In the field of physics, the study of the causes of motion and changes in motion is dynamics. In other words, the study of forces and why objects are in motion.

(2)dynamical或dynamic,形容詞。形容有(執行)力的、強硬的、堅強的品格,如a dynamic speaker(也可翻譯做電動揚聲器,但此處應該做壹個富有激情的演說者之類理解),公司的強有力的總裁(the dynamic president of the firm)。

dynamical - dynamic: characterized by action of forcefulness or force of personality; "a dynamic market"; "a dynamic speaker"; "the dynamic president fo the firm".

(3)動力學系統的概念是描述壹個點周圍空間中位置的時間依賴性的固定規律的數學形式。

The dynanmical system concept is a mathematical formalization for any fixed "rule" which describes the time dependence of a point's position in its ambient space.

(4)描述物體在空間中相互作用和運動的方式。

The way that objects interact and move in space.

(5)幅度的變化

variations in amplitude

(6)從生物力學的角度描述運動中的人體

The biomechanical aspects of the human body in motion.

(7)壹般而言,任何產生或影響運動的力。在航務氣象學中,動力學通常是專指產生大氣垂直運動的力。

Generally, any forces that produce motion or affect change. In operational meteorology, dynamics usually refer specifically to forces that produce vertical motion in the atmosphere.

Dynamic是壹個形容詞,在詞典中,是指:

(1)形容壹個過程或壹個系統中,具有恒定的變化、活動或進展

(of a process or system) Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress. - a dynamic economy

(2)形容壹個人,具有積極的態度,充滿活力和新鮮的想法。

(of a person) Positive in attitude and full of energy and new ideas. - She's dynamic and determined.

(3)形容壹件東西,能夠促進發展、發育或進展。

(of a thing) Stimulating development or progress. - the dynamic forces of nature

(4)形容能夠產生運動的力,或者與之相關的力。

Of or relating to forces producing motion

(5)形容壹個動詞,能夠表達出動作、活動、事件或過程

(of a verb) Expressing an action, activity, event, or process

(6)形容壹種記憶裝置,需要通過周期性的電壓施加來達到刷新的目的。

(of a memory device) Needing to be refreshed by the periodic application of a voltage

(7)形容通過語音、樂器或錄音設備所產生的音量,或與之相關的。

Of or relating to the volume of sound produced by a voice, instrument, or sound recording equipment

(8)和產生音量的樂器、聲音或錄音設備有關的。

Relating to the volume of sound produced by an instrument, voice, or recording. - an astounding dynamic range.

考察dynamic和dynamical的區別,我發現原來很多人也搞不清楚,而在詞典中,這兩個詞經常是混用的。當然Dynamic還可以是壹個名詞而Dynamical只能是壹個形容詞。Dynamic做名詞時,其實就是dynamics的單數形式,表示壹種基本的或動態的力,特別是那種導致、促進或影響發育、發展或穩定性的力。

a basic or dynamic force, especially one that motivates, affects development or stability, etc.

在另壹個詞典中,查到dynamics的意思是:

(1)當搭配壹個單數形式的動詞使用時:在物理中,表示研究處於力(壹般是外力)的作用下的系統中的運動和平衡的力學分支。

(used with a singular verb) Physics. The branch of mechanics that deals with the motion and equilibrium of systems under the action of forces, usually from outside the system.

(2)當搭配壹個復數動詞使用時:在物理或情感道德方面:激發或驅動力。

(used with a plural verb) the motivating or driving forces, physical or moral, in any field.

(3)當搭配壹個復數動詞使用時:表示增長、變化、發展發育的模式或歷史。

(used with a plural verb) the pattern or history of growth, change, and development in any field.

(4)當搭配壹個復數動詞使用時:樂器音量的變化或層次。

(used with a plural verb) variation and gradation in the volume of musical sound.

(5)當搭配壹個單數動詞使用時,表示精神力學

(used with a singular verb) psychodynamics