(壹) 全韻與半韻(full rhyme and half rhyme)。全韻是嚴格的押韻, why---sigh; hate---late; fight---delight; powers---flowers; today---away; ending---bending. 如果僅是元音字母相同,讀音不同,不符合全韻:如: blood----hood; there---here; gone---alone; daughter----laughter. 這種情形被稱為“眼韻”(eye rhyme),雖然詩人有時用之,但不是真正的押韻。 僅是輔音相同或僅是元音相同的屬半韻:元音不同,其前後的輔音相同,這叫諧輔韻(consonance)如:black, block; creak, croak; reader, rider; despise, dispose. 元音相同,其後的輔音相同者叫諧元韻(assonance),如lake, fate; time, mind.
(二) 尾韻與行內韻(end rhyme and internal rhyme) 押在詩行最後壹個重讀音節上,叫尾韻。這是英文詩歌最常見的押韻部位。詩行中間停頓處的重讀音節與該行最後壹個重讀音節押韻者,叫行內韻。如: Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king; Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,
(三) 男韻與女韻((masculine rhyme and feminine rhyme) 所押的韻音局限於詩行中重讀的末尾音節上,稱男韻,也叫單韻,聽起來強勁有力。如:late, fate; hill, fill; enjoy, destroy. 押韻押在兩個音節上,後壹音節非重讀音節,稱女韻,也叫雙韻,聽起來或輕快,或幽婉。如:lighting, fighting; motion, ocean; wining, beginning. 看下面壹節詩:
I am coming, little maiden,
With the pleasant sunshine laden;
With the honey for the bee,
With the blossom for the tree.
前兩行押女韻,後兩行押男韻。 也有不少英文詩是不押韻的,不押韻的詩稱無韻詩或白體詩(blank verse)。多用在戲劇和敘事詩中。莎士比亞的戲劇和彌爾頓的Paradise Lost 都是用blank verse寫成的。 押韻的詩叫rhymed verse。無韻詩不同與自由詩。無韻詩雖不押韻,但是有固定節奏,以揚抑格五音步最常見。自由詩節奏不固定,如同白話。
這樣講解很復雜,我們實踐出真知吧,壹起來作首詩吧。如果妳壹言我壹語,我們***同做起詩來,終於拼出兩首詩來,貽笑大方吧。
第壹首:you are my sunshine after the rain,
when I see you,I will go insane,
when you smile a light shines in your eyes,
And I feel like I 'm in paradise.
第二首:You are the most important person in the world,
And you fly freely like a lovely bird,
You are my angel,singing and dancing in my heart,
No one ever can make us be apart.