find +復合賓語
2003年高考英語試卷上有這樣壹道單項填空題:
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.
A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked
筆者認為,要解這道試題,首先要弄清楚動詞find後的復合賓語。
在英語中,動詞find後可帶壹個復合賓語,賓語通常由名詞或人稱代詞的賓格充當,賓語補足語通常由形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞充當,賓語和賓語補足語壹起構成復合賓語。主要有以下幾種形式:
1.find +賓語+形容詞
When they came back the next morning, they found the man dead(dying).當他們第二 天早晨回來時,他們發現那個人已經死了(奄奄壹息)。
I found the matter a bit strange.我發現這件事有點奇怪。
Ifound him easy to get along with.我發現他很好相處。
2.find +賓語+副詞
I'm glad I found you in.我很高興妳在家。
When I called I found him out.我去拜訪時發現他不在家。
I called at his house this morning and found him up.我今天早晨到他家去看他時發現他已經起床了。
3.find +賓語+介詞短語
Ifound him with his brother in the street.我發現他和弟弟在街上。
I found him out of work when I met him the day before yesterday.前天我見到他時發現他失業了。
He didn't pass the exam.I found him in a bad mood when I talked to him.他沒有通過考試,我和他講話時發現他心情很不好。
4.find +賓語+名詞
I found it a difficult book.我發現這是壹本很難讀的書。
Our English teacher is very kind to us.We all find him a good teacher.我們的英語老師對我們很好。我們都發現他是壹位好老師。
We found her an agreeable woman.我們發現她容易相處。
5.find +賓語+不定式(多為to be)
I found her to be honest.我發現她很誠實。
I found Tom to be trustworthy.我發現湯姆值得信任。
在口語中,to be可省略。例如:
You will find the work(to be)interesting.妳會發現這項工作很有趣。
6.find +賓語+現在分詞
I found some workers already working.我發現壹些工人已經在工作了。
Maybe we will find Tom waiting for us at the gate.也許我們會發現湯姆在大門口等我們。
When Icame in,Ifound him lying on bed,reading a novel.我進來時發現他躺在床上看小說。
7.find +賓語+過去分詞
We found John injured.我們發現約翰受傷了。
When I got there,I found the door closed.我到那裏時發現門已經關了。
When the bus conductor asked me to buy a ticket,I found my wallet stolen.當公***汽車售票員要我買票時,我發現我的錢包被偷了。
本文開頭那道高考題的意思是:如果發現廚師在廚房裏抽煙,他立刻就會被解雇。該題為被動結構,空格處需要填入的是補足語,在所給的四個選項中,只有B項smoking正確,在句中用作主語補足語,故正確答案是B。
鞏固練習:請選擇正確答案。
1.You'll find this map of great ____ in helping you to get round London.(NMET1998)
A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness
2.The police found that the house ____ and a lot of things.(MET1990)
A.has broken into;has been stolen
B.had broken into;had been stolen
C.has been broken into;stolen
D.had been broken into;stolen
3.He was disappointed to find his suggestions ____ .(1988 年上海高考)
A.been turned down B.turned down
C.to be turned down D.to turn down
4.The next morning she found the man ____ in bed,dead. (MET1986)
A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying
5.When he got home,he found his pocket ____ open and his wallet ____ .
A.cut;stealing B.cut;stolen
C.cutting;stealing D.cutting;stolen
Key:1.C2.D3.B4.A5.B