以下是壹些有關語音的知識,
1 元音:
[i：] [i] [A] [e] [[：] [[] [a：] [Q] [R：] [R] [U：] [U]
[ei] [ai] [aU] [EU] [Ri] [i[] [Z[] [UE]
1) [i:] 字母組合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please
he she me
piece receive ceiling
2) [i] 發音字母 i y e
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) [] 發音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4) [e] 字母組合 ea e a
head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
5) [ε:] 字母組合ir ur ear ur or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6) [ε] 字母組合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious pleasure
familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
men listen
famulus Saturday
7) [a:] 字母組合 ar a
car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8) [] 發音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9) []字母組合 al or au our ar aw
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter
draw saw flaw
10) [] 發音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash
11) [u:] 字母組合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue full
12) [u] 字母組合 oo ou u o
look good foot book
should could
put full bull pull push
woman wolf
13) [ei] 發音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14) [ai] 發音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high
my try fly eye
15) [au] 字母組合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town
16) [εu] 發音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17) [] 字母組合oy oi
boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice
18) [iε] 字母組合 eer
beer deer ear idea near here fierce
19) [] 字母組合ear air
pear bear chair air fair care there where
20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower
2 容易混淆的元音
[A] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said
[i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[aU] [R：]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[aU] [Q]
found fond down done gown gone town ton
3輔音
1)
pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (發音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (發音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (發音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母組合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest
of
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (發音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (發音字母c)
licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母組合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [T] that this those these though
18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station
social special
sure
19) [V] pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母組合ch）
catch watch match （字母組合tch)
24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4容易混淆的輔音
[v] [w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s] [W]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [T]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [N]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
5 字母，組合音節發音規律
1）a [ei] [?] [[] [a:] [R]
late private grade bake grape nation station page
active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [i] [[] 不發音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai] [i]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ju] [u] [Q] [[]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [dV] [N]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening
8) l [l] 讀音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [N]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [r] [[](美語發音)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y [j] [i] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar [a:] [[] [R:]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[]
cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear [[:] [i[]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear
15) er [[:] [[] [i[]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16） ere [i[] [Z[]
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir [[:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [u:] [u] [Q] [R:]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor
19) or [ R:] [[:] [[]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [ R:] [J[]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [J[] [R:]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [Q] [[]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [[J] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th [W] [T]
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than
26) sion [F[n] [V[n]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常見)
station nation translation attention
question
6關於語音的幾個概念:
Phonics 是壹種(方法), 是教育學習者從字母排列中去拼讀出單個字來.
AHD表示美語發音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（簡稱AHD）
KK音標是壹套(註音符號系統),是由John Samuel Kenyon 和 John Albert Knott兩位美國學者***同編著的發音詞典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956中用於標註美式發音的符號系統, 這是壹套最常用的也是最權威的註音法，從此人們把美語標準發音慣稱為KK音標。
DJ是根據英國學者Daniel Jones編的英語發音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的標音而來.
英式讀音根據的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英語正音辭典》。它們代表了被稱為“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（標準讀音）的讀音，這在受過教育的英國人尤其是南部英格蘭人中通用。
1888年國際語音協會 (International Phonetic Association) 的語言學家便制定出壹套可國際通用的語音符號叫國際音標符號 (IPA—International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以壹個符號代表壹音，並避免各人使用壹套自己的符號所產生的不便。
國內的英文字典裏最常見的音標為英式發音的國際音標 (DJ) 和美式發音的KK音標，前者乃根據Daniel Jones編的英語發音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)，後者則是根據John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott二氏的美語發音字典 (A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)。值得壹提的是，KK音標所使用的符號均從前面提到的國際音標符號 (IPA) 而來，Kenyon & Knott二氏僅將其中適用於美式英語的符號截取出來。
音素: 音的最小單位,英語中有48個音素.
音節: 由元音和輔音構成的發音單位.
元音: 發音響亮,是樂音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節的主要組成部分.英語中有20個元音. 輔音: 發音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節的重要組成部分,英語中有28個輔音.
開音節: 1)輔音+元音+輔音+不發音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
2)輔音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello
閉音節: 1)輔音+元音+輔音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+輔音 it is of in on up out ant
重讀音節詞尾的字母組合oo發音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;也),zoo(動物園),room(房間)等
; II. 在輔音字母f, l, m, n, s前的字母組合oo也發音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋頂),sch
ool(學校),soon(不久),goose(鵝)等.有壹個特例詞要特別註意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);
III. 在字母t前的字母組合oo發音素[u:]的音。如:boot(靴子),tooth(牙齒),特例詞:foot[
u](腳); IV. 字母組合oo在字母d和k前發音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(書),look(看)
,特例詞:food[u:](食物); V. 在復合詞的非重讀音節中的字母組合oo發音素[u]的音。如
:bedroom(臥室),classroom(教室)等; VI. 在字母l和d之間的字母組合oo發音素[]的音。
如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等. [笨笨豬]謝謝妳講得這麽詳細,妳能為我歸納出壹個巧記
方法嗎? [聰明猴]Let me try!(我試試看!)可以這樣記: oo讀長還是短,記住口訣就簡
單。 d, k之前讀短[u],food壹詞是特例; t前讀長[u:],foot需要特殊記; 復合詞中
要讀短,其余多數讀長[u:]; l, s, d間讀作[],例外還要特殊記
英語字母及字母組合的發音規則
壹、元音字母在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母 讀 音 例 詞
a 在開音節中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在閉音節中 [?] bag dad hat map black back
e 在開音節中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在閉音節中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在開音節中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在閉音節中 fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在開音節中 [ou] those close go hoe home no
在閉音節中 [C] clock not box shop sock
u 在開音節中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在閉音節中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch
在開音節中，元音字母u在輔音字母j l r s後面時讀[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在重讀音節中的特殊讀音
元音字母 讀 音 例 詞
a在[w]音後面 [C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother
三、元音字母在非重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母 讀 音 例 詞
a [E]E China another woman breakfast
orange comrade village cabbage
e [E] hundred student open weekend
chicken pocket begin children
i [E]/ holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu] also zero photo
u [E] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
動詞中的a如果處在開音節位置，a讀[ei]音，例如：operate
u處在開音節位置，又在輔音字母j l r s後面時，讀[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue
在非重讀音節中，許多單詞中的元音字母a e i 即可以讀作[E]音，也可以讀作音。
四、-r音節元音字母組合在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母組合 讀 音 例 詞
arar在[w]音後面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener
[C:] warm quarter towards
oror在[w]音後面 [C:] forty morning short
[E:] word worker worse
er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday
輔音字母r雙寫時，前面的元音字母不能與r構成-r音節,而是按重讀閉音節的拼讀規則發音。例如： carry sorry hurry
-r音節在非重讀音節中通常讀[E]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音節元音字母組合在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母組合 讀 音 例 詞
are [εE] care dare hare
ere [iE] here mere
ire [aiE] fire hire wire
ore [C:] more score before
ure [juE] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出現在非重讀音節中，ure在非重讀音節中讀[E]音，例如：picture pleasure
重讀元音字母加Rr，再加非重讀元字組時，重讀元音字母應按-re音節拼讀規則拼讀，字母Rr讀[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用詞及多音節詞經常出現長音短化現象。例如：orange very American paragraph
六、元音字母組合在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母組合 讀 音 例 詞
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
air [εE] air hair chair pair repair
alal在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all
[C:l] always also salt almost
[α:] half calm
au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear [iE] hear dear near clear year
[εE] bear pear wear swear
[E:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [iE] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s後 [ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之後 [i:] piece field receive
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] flower house count down
[ou] know row throw though
[∧] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [C:] course your four
[auE] our hour ours
[E:] journey
ui在j l r s後 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u:] juice fruit suit
七、非重讀音節中元音字母組合和字群的讀音
元音字母組合或字群 讀 音 例 詞
ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字組在非重讀音節中讀[E]音或。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母後 [Vn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s後 [tFEn] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [tFE] picture culture
八、元音字母組合在復合詞非重讀音節中的讀音
復合詞中的第二部分不標註重音符號，但其中的元音字母或元音字母組合仍按重讀音節拼讀規則拼讀。例如： everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[C:]
有些詞隨著語言的發展，前後兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義，融合成為壹個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節的讀音規則發音。例如： sun太陽 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday 星期天 holy神聖 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday 假日 break中斷 + fast[α:]齋戒 ＞ breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] ＞ cupboard[E] 碗櫃
九、輔音字母組合的讀音
輔音字母組合 讀 音 例 詞
b bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
cc在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music
[s] face decide cinema
ch [tF] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[F] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [dV] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
gg在e i/y前 [^] bag garden go
[dV] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -guegu在非重讀音節中 [^] guess league dialogue
[^w] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [dV] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
nn在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
[N] uncle thank hungry
-ng [N] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在詞首或清輔音前元音字母間或濁輔音前 [s] sit sleep desk
[z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet
[s] muscle science
sh [F] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情況下在弱讀字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet
[F] patient nation
tch [tF] watch
th在通常情況下在冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞中在詞尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method
[T] the these with than
[T] clothe fathe r weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] Answer two
wh-wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why
[h] who whose whole
x在重讀元音前 [ks] box text exercise
[gz] example exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo