求《英語常用詞多用途詞典》(金盾出版社)電子版
下面的內容是我從“英語詞匯網”yywords找來的壹部分,但更多內容需要收費:《英語常用詞多用途詞典》節選a[eI, E], an[An,En] art.1.壹(個、件、本、張等):This is an English dictionary. 這是壹本英語詞典。/ It was an easy task. 那是壹項容易的任務。2.任何…都:A square has four sides. 正方形有4條邊。/ A dog is usually bigger than a cat. 狗壹般比貓要大。3.每(壹):We drink tea twice a day. 我們每天喝兩次茶。/ How much a meter is this cloth? 這塊布多少錢壹米?4.某,某壹個:In a sense you are right. 在某種意義上妳是對的。/ A Mr Smith phoned just now. 壹位名叫史密斯先生的人剛才來過電話。用法1.在表示泛指意義的單數可數名詞前應加不定冠詞 a / an,不要從漢語習慣出發,漏掉此不定冠詞,如不能說:Her father is famous poet.(應在is後加a) 2.不能與指示代詞、物主代詞、名詞所有格等連用,如不說my a good friend,可改說a good friend of mine。3.原則上說,不可數名詞前不能用不定冠詞,但是,若不可數名詞在壹定情況下轉化為可數名詞,其前可用不定冠詞。另壹方面,可數名詞在壹定情況下也可轉化為不可數名詞,這時其前的不定冠詞也隨之消失:a complete Lu Xun 壹套魯迅全集 / a good wine 壹種好酒 / a success 成功的人或事 4.在序數詞之前使用a (an),可以表示數量或序數的增加:Do you want to read it a third time? 妳還想看第3次嗎?5.與most連用,表示“非常”“很”等:This is a most interesting story. 這是壹個非常有趣的故事。6.與副詞quite, rather連用時,a (an) 壹般要後置,但若其後的名詞前有形容詞修飾,則a (an) 放在quite, rather之前或之後均可以:It was rather a busy day. = It was a rather busy day. 那天相當忙。/ He is rather a fool. 他是個大傻瓜。但不能說:He is a rather fool.(因為名詞前無形容詞,所以錯誤) 7.當too, so, as, how等詞之後接有“形容詞+單數可數名詞”時,不定冠詞a (an)應放在形容詞和單數可數名詞之間:She is too kind a girl to refuse. 她是個好心腸的女孩,不會拒絕的。/ He’s not as honest a man as I thought. 他不像我想象的那樣誠實。8.不定冠詞可用來表示類屬,即表示某壹類屬中的每壹個都能反映該類屬的整體情況,此時也可用定冠詞或名詞復數形式來表示:A tiger [The tiger, Tigers] can be dangerous. 老虎是危險的。註意,不定冠詞不能用來表示整體類別的特性,如下例中的the不能換成a:The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎有絕種的危險。/ Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亞歷山大·格雷漢姆·貝爾於1876年發明了電話。辨析a (an), one:(1)兩者均可表示“壹”的意思,有時可互換:About a [one] thousand students attended the meeting. 大約有1 000 學生參加了會議。/ A [One] Mr Smith wants to see you. 壹位名叫史密斯先生的人想見妳。(2)兩者的區別在於:①從詞性上看:a (an)是不定冠詞,主要表示類別,即著重表示其後的名詞是某物,而不是其他物;而one表示“壹(個)”時是數詞,主要表示數量,即強調在數量上是壹個,而不是兩個或多個。比較:Give me a dictionary. 給我壹本字典。(此處強調的是:我要的是壹本字典,而不是壹本教材,也不是壹本小說等) / Give me one dictionary. 給我壹本字典。(此處強調的是:我要的是壹本字典,而不是兩本或多本字典) ②由於one是數詞,著重數量意義,所以當要強調數量、進行數量對比或回答how many的提問時,均應用one,而不能用a (an):He has only one pen, but I have two. 他只有壹枝鋼筆,但我有兩枝。/ I want one box, not five. 我想要1個盒子,不是要5個。/ “How many friends do you have here?” “Only one.”“妳在這兒有多少個朋友?”“只有壹個。”③在某些表達中,兩者均可用,但含義不同:at a time 每次,同時 / at one time 壹度,曾經;as a man 就壹個人的性格而論 / as one man 壹起,同時,全體壹致地 ④在某些表達中,兩者均可用,雖含義相同,但表達不同:on a hot summer afternoon 壹個炎熱的夏日的下午(註意用介詞on) / one hot summer afternoon 壹個炎熱的夏日的下午(註意不用介詞on);an hour and a half 壹個半小時 (通常不說one hour and a half) / one and a half hours 壹個半小時;a minute or two 壹兩分鐘 (通常不說one minute or two) / one or two minutes 壹兩分鐘abacus[5AbEkEs](pl. abacuses, abaci) n.[C]算盤:operate [use, work] an abacus 打算盤abandon1[E5bAndEn] vt.1.離棄,丟棄:The car was so badly damaged that it had to be abandoned as a total loss. 汽車損壞嚴重,只好徹底報廢。2.遺棄,拋棄:The poor little puppy had been abandoned. 那可憐的小狗被人遺棄了。3.放棄:The project had to be abandoned for lack of funds. 工程因資金匱乏只得放棄。◇abandon oneself to 沈溺於,縱情:He abandoned himself to despair. 他自暴自棄。‖abandoned a.被拋棄的,被放棄的,報廢的 / abandonment n.[U]放棄用法1.abandon A for B 與abandon A to B意思不同:前者表示主動地為了B而放棄A,後者表示被動地放棄A讓B取得:He decided to abandon medicine for literature. 他決定棄醫從文。/ They abandoned their lands to the invading forces. 他們丟下土地,遭侵略軍占領。2. abandon the car, abandon the city, abandon the village等搭配中都有冠詞,而abandon ship這壹結構在現代英語中通常不用冠詞。3.習語abandon oneself to(沈溺於,縱情)中的to是介詞,故後接動詞時用動名詞:They abandon themselves to drinking. 他們沈湎於飲酒。類似結構有:apply oneself to (doing) sth 專心於做某事 / devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力(獻身)於做某事 / resign oneself to (doing) sth 聽任(順從)做某事abandon2[E5bAndEn] n.[U]放任,縱情◇with abandon (1)放任地,放縱地:cry with abandon 任性地哭 (2)盡情地:dance with abandon 盡情地跳舞abbreviation[E7bri:vI5eIFn] n.[C]縮寫詞,縮略語:“Dr” is an abbreviation for “Doctor”. Dr是Doctor的縮寫詞。/ In this dictionary “sth” is the abbreviation for “something”. 本詞典用sth作為something的縮寫。用法要表示“…的縮略語”,其後通常接介詞for,有時也用介詞of:“GB” is the abbreviation for [of] “Great Britain”. GB是Great Britain的縮寫。ABC[7eIbi:5si:] n.1.(常連用one’s)字母(表):Does the boy know his ABC? 這男孩認識字母了嗎? 2.[S](常連用the)入門,基礎知識:learn the ABC of swimming 初學遊泳 / an ABC book 初級讀本◇as easy as ABC 非常容易ability[E5bIlEtI] n.1.[U]能力:I’m behind him in ability. 我的能力不如他。/ I’m sure of his ability to cope with this. 我肯定他有能力應付此事。2.[U,C]才能,才智:a man of great ability 本領高強的人 / The boy shows remarkable ability at mathematics. 這男孩顯示出非凡的數學才能。◇to the best of one’s ability 盡自己最大努力:She did the work to the best of her ability. 她已盡了力去做那項工作了。用法1.表示有能力做某事或具有做某事的能力等,其後通常要接不定式:He has the ability to speak English fluently. 他能流利地說英語。/ The ability to be clearly heard is extremely important for news readers. 聲音洪亮清晰對新聞廣播員來說極為重要。偶爾也可後接 of doing sth,但遠不如接不定式普遍:I admire his ability of doing the work quickly. 我羨慕他工作做得快。2.表示抽象意義的“能力”時,不可數;表示不同種類的能力時,可用復數:listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities 聽說讀寫能力;側重指天資或才能方面的能力時,可數或不可數均可能,有時可用復數形式:Everyone admired his abilities. 大家都敬佩他的才能。註意1.able的反義詞是unable,但ability的反義詞不是unability(此詞在英語中不存在),而是inability。2.inability和disability是由ability分別加否定前綴in-和dis-構成的,但兩者意思不同,前者表示“無能力”“無才能”,後者表示“失去能力”“傷殘”“殘疾”。able[5eIbl] a.有能力的,能夠,能幹的:He is an able lawyer. 他是位很能幹的律師。/ He made a very able speech. 他做了壹次漂亮的演說。◇be able to 能,能夠:I won’t be able to come. 我將不能來。/ He was able to speak five languages. 他能講5種語言。/ You should be able to get there in time. 妳應當可以及時到達那裏。/ I haven’t been able to get in touch with her. 我壹直未能和她聯系上。/ Not being able to understand English, he didn’t know what they wanted. 由於他不懂英語,他不知道他們要什麽。‖ably ad.能幹地,巧妙地用法1. able的比較級和最高級通常是abler和ablest,也可以是more able和most able,有時還可用better able和best able:You are better able to do it than I (am). 妳比我更有能力做這件事。/ She’s the person best able to cope. 她是個最能妥善處理問題的人。2. be able to do sth 中的不定式通常用主動式,壹般不用被動式,如可說:He can’t be understood. 但很少說:He’s not able to be understood. 3.表示使某人能做某事,英語習慣上不用make sb able to do sth,可改為enable sb to do sth:I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house. 我向他作了詳細說明,好讓他能找到那房子。(若改為help sb to do sth則更通俗) 4.表示很能幹或很有能力,可用very, extremely等修飾;表示能做某事(用於be able to)則多用quite, well, perfectly等修飾:He is a very able manager. 他是位很有能力的經理。/ He is quite [well] able to take care of himself. 他完全可以照顧自己了。註意able的反義詞是unable(不能的,不會的),不是disable,後者是動詞,其意為“使殘廢”“使無能力”;disabled 也可用作形容詞,表示“肢體有殘疾的”。辨析be able to, can:參見can。aboard1[E5bC:d] prep.在(船、飛機、車等)上,上(船、飛機、車等):He was already aboard the ship. 他已上船。/ We travelled aboard the same flight. 我們搭乘同壹班機。用法aboard 本身可用作介詞,所以類似 go aboard on the ship(上船)中的介詞on是多余的。但是,有時可後接介詞of:go [come] aboard (of) a ship 上船 aboard2[E5bC:d] ad.在船(飛機、車等) 上,上船(飛機、車等):Welcome aboard. 歡迎乘坐本機(車、船)!/ The boat is ready to leave. All aboard. 就要開船了,請大家上船。/ It’s time to go aboard. 該上車(船或飛機)了。用法用作副詞的abroad 與on board同義:go aboard = go on board 上船(車或飛機),get aboard the train = get on board the train 上火車