性別:男
出生年月:1795~1821
出生地:倫敦
國籍:英國
濟慈(1795~1821)英國詩人,他出生於倫敦,父親是馬廄的雇工領班。濟慈自幼喜愛文學,由於家境窘困,不滿16歲就離校學醫。濟慈的父母在其青少年時期相續去世,雖然兩個兄弟和壹個姐姐非常照顧他,但那種過早失去父母的悲傷始終影響著濟慈。在埃菲爾德學校(Enfield School),濟慈接受了傳統正規的 教育 ,在閱讀和寫作方面,濟慈受到了師長克拉克(Charles Cowden Clarke)的鼓勵。年輕的濟慈非常鐘愛 維吉爾 (Virgil),14歲時,他將維吉爾的長詩《艾涅阿斯紀》("Aeneid")翻譯成 英語 。 1810年 ,濟慈被送去當藥劑師的學徒。五年後濟慈考入倫敦的壹所醫學院,但沒有壹年,濟慈便放棄了從醫的誌願,而專心於寫作 詩歌 。濟慈很早就嘗試寫作詩歌,他早期的作品多是壹些仿作,1816年,他認識了李·亨特、雪萊等著名詩人,受到他們的影響。11月,他棄醫從文,走上了詩歌創作的道路。終於成為當時英國文壇上壹顆光彩奪目的巨星。
1817年 ,濟慈的第壹本詩集出版。這本詩集受到了壹些好的評論,但也有壹些極為苛刻的攻擊性評論刊登在當時很有影響力的壹本 雜誌 (Blackwood`s magazine)上。濟慈沒有被嚇倒,他在來年的春天付印了新詩集《恩底彌翁》(“Endymion”)。 1818年 夏天,濟慈前往 英格蘭 北部和蘇格蘭旅行,途中得到消息說他的兄弟湯姆得了嚴重的肺結核,濟慈即刻趕回家照顧湯姆。這壹年年底,湯姆死了,濟慈搬到壹個朋友在漢普斯泰德(Hampstead)的房子去住,現在人們已將那所房子認為濟慈之家。在那裏,濟慈遇見並深深的愛上了壹位年輕的女鄰居,方妮·布朗(Fanny Brawne)。在接下來的幾年中,疾病與 經濟 上的問題壹直困擾著濟慈,但他卻令人驚訝的寫出了大量的優秀作品,其中包括《聖艾格尼絲之夜》、《夜鶯頌》和《致秋天》等名作。 1820年 3月,濟慈第壹次咳血,之後不久,因為迅速惡化的肺結核, 1821年 2月23日 ,濟慈於去 意大利 療養的途中逝世。
濟慈創作的第壹首詩是《仿斯賓塞》,接著又寫了許多優秀的十四行詩,他的這些早期詩作收集在1817年3月出版的第壹本《詩集》中。次年,他根據古希臘壹個美麗神話寫成的《安狄米恩》問世,全詩想象豐富,色彩絢麗,洋溢著對自由的渴望,表現了反古典主義的進步傾向。
1818年到1820年,是濟慈詩歌創作的鼎盛時期,他先後完成了《伊莎貝拉》、《聖亞尼節前夜》、《許佩裏恩》等著名長詩,最膾炙人口的《夜鶯頌》、《希臘古甕頌》、《秋頌》等名篇也是在這壹時期內寫成的。
濟慈詩才橫溢,與雪萊、拜倫齊名。他年僅25歲,可是他遺下的詩篇壹直譽滿人間,被認為完美地體現了西方浪漫主義詩歌的特色,並被推崇為歐洲浪漫主義運動的傑出代表。
附詩壹首
Ode To A Nightingale
John Keats
夜鶯頌
濟慈
My heart aches and a drowsy numbness pains
My sense as though of hemlock I had drunk
Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains
One minute past and Lethe-wards had sunk
我的心痛,困頓和麻木
毒害了感官,猶如飲過毒鴆,
又似剛把鴉片吞服,
壹分鐘的時間,字句在忘川中沈沒
'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot
But being too happy in thine happiness --
That thou light-winged Dryad of the trees
In some melodious plot
Of beechen green and shadows numberless
Singest of summer in full-throated ease.
並不是在嫉妒妳的幸運,
是為著妳的幸運而大感快樂,
妳,林間輕翅的精靈,
在山毛櫸綠影下的情結中,
放開了歌喉,歌唱夏季。
O for a draught of vintage! that hath been
Cool'd a long age in the deep-delved earth
Tasting of Flora and the country green
Dance and Provencal song and sunburnt mirth!
O for a beaker full of the warm South
Full of the true the blushful Hippocrene
With beaded bubbles winking at the brim
And purple-stained mouth
That I might drink and leave the world unseen
And with thee fade away into the forest dim
哎,壹口酒!那冷藏
在地下多年的甘醇,
味如花神、綠土、
舞蹈、戀歌和灼熱的歡樂!
哎,滿滿壹杯南方的溫暖,
充滿了鮮紅的靈感之泉,
杯沿閃動著珍珠的泡沫,
和唇邊退去的紫色;
我要壹飲以不見塵世,
與妳循入森林幽暗的深處
Fade far away dissolve and quite forget
What thou among the leaves hast never known
The weariness the fever and the fret
Here where men sit and hear each other groan;
Where palsy shakes a few sad last gray hairs
Where youth grows pale and spectre-thin and dies;
Where but to think is to be full of sorrow
And leaden-eyed despairs
Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes
Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow.
遠遠的離開,消失,徹底忘記
林中的妳從不知道的,
疲憊、熱病和急躁
這裏,人們坐下並聽著彼此的呻吟;
癱瘓搖動了壹會兒,悲傷了,最後的幾絲白發,
青春蒼白,古怪的消瘦下去,後來死亡;
鉛色的眼睛絕望著;
美人守不住明眸,
新的戀情過不完明天。
Away! away! for I will fly to thee
Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards
But on the viewless wings of Poesy
Though the dull brain perplexes and retards
Already with thee! tender is the night
And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne
Cluster'd around by all her starry Fays;
But here there is no light
Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown
Through verdurous glooms and winding mossy ways.
去吧!去吧!我要飛向妳,
不用酒神的車輾和他的隨從,
乘著詩歌無形的翅膀,
盡管這混沌的頭腦早已跟隨妳,
夜色溫柔,而月後
正登上她的寶座,
周圍是她所有的星星仙子,
但這處那處都沒有光,
壹些天光被微風吹入幽綠,
和青苔的曲徑。
I cannot see what flowers are at my feet
Nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs
But in embalmed darkness guess each sweet
Wherewith the seasonable month endows
The grass the thicket and the fruit-tree wild;
White hawthorn and the pastoral eglantine;
Fast fading violets cover'd up in leaves;
And mid-May's eldest child
The coming musk-rose full of dewy wine
The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves.
我不能看清是哪些花在我的腳旁,
何種軟香懸於高枝,
但在溫馨的暗處,猜測每壹種甜蜜
以其時令的贈與
青草地、灌木叢、野果樹
白山楂和田園玫瑰;
葉堆中易謝的紫羅蘭;
還有五與中旬的首出,
這啜滿了露酒的麝香薔薇,
夏夜蠅子嗡嗡的出沒其中。
Darkling I listen; and for many a time
I have been half in love with easeful Death
Call'd him soft names in many a mused rhyme
To take into the air my quiet breath;
Now more than ever seems it rich to die
To cease upon the midnight with no pain
While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroad
In such an ecstasy!
Still wouldst thou sing and I have ears in vain--
To thy high requiem become a sod.
我傾聽黑夜,多少次
我幾乎愛上了逸謐的死亡,
在如此多的沈思之韻中呼喚她輕柔的名,
編織成歌,我無聲的呼吸;
現在她更加華麗的死去,
在午夜不帶悲傷的飛升,
當妳正向外傾瀉靈魂
這般的迷狂!
妳仍唱著,而我聽不見,
妳那高昂的安魂曲對著壹搓泥土。
Thou wast not born for death immortal Bird!
No hungry generations tread thee down;
The voice I hear this passing night was heard
In ancient days by emperor and clown:
Perhaps the self-same song that found a path
Through the sad heart of Ruth when sick for home
She stood in tears amid the alien corn;
The same that oft-times hath
Charm'd magic casements opening on the foam
Of perilous seas in faery lands forlorn.
Forlorn! the very word is like a bell
To toll me back from thee to my sole self!
Adieu! the fancy cannot cheat so well
As she is fam'd to do deceiving elf.
Adieu! adieu! thy plaintive anthem fades
Past the near meadows over the still stream
Up the hill-side; and now 'tis buried deep
In the next valley-glades:
Was it a vision or a waking dream?
Fled is that music:--Do I wake or sleep?
永生的鳥啊!妳不為了死亡出生!
饑餓的時代無法把妳蹂躪;
這逝去的夜晚裏我所聽見的
在那遠古的日子也曾為帝王和小醜聽見;
可能相同的歌在露絲那顆憂愁的心中
找到了壹條路徑,當她思念故鄉,
站在異邦的谷田中落淚;
這聲音常常
在遺失的仙城中震動了窗扉
望向泡沫浪花
遺失!這個字如同壹聲鐘響
把我從妳處帶會我單獨自我!
別了!幻想無法繼續欺騙
當她不再能夠,
別了!別了!妳哀傷的聖歌
退入了後面的草地,流過溪水,
湧上山坡;而此時,它正深深
埋在下壹個山谷的陰影中:
是幻覺,還是夢寐?
那歌聲去了:我醒了?我睡著?