1. 十四行詩 (Sonnet),源於中世紀民間抒情短詩,十三、十四世紀流行於意大利,意大利彼特拉克(Petrarch)為代表人物,每行十壹個音節,全詩壹節八行,加壹節六行,韻腳用abba, abba, cdcdcd (cdecde)。前八行提問,後六行回答。
後來,懷亞特(Thomas Wyatt,1503-1542)將十四行詩引人英國,五音步抑揚格,全詩三個四行壹個二行,前三節提問,後二句結論。斯賓塞(Edmund Spenser,1552-1599)用韻腳 abab, bcbc,cdcd,ee.莎士比亞(William Shakespeare,1564-1616)用韻腳abab,cdcd,dfdf,gg,稱英國式或莎士比亞式。舉例見本文第四部分。
2. 打油詩(Limericks):通常是小笑話甚至是胡謅,壹般沒有標題也無作者姓名,含有幽默諷刺性,常運用雙關,內韻等手法。每首詩五個詩行,押韻為aabba,格律以抑揚格和抑抑揚格為主。
1) There was a young lady of Nigger
Who smiled as she rode on a tiger;
They returned from the ride
With the lady inside,
And the smile on the face of the tiger.
2) A tutor who taught on the flute
Tried to teach two tooters to toot,
“Is it harder to toot, or
Said the two to the tutor,
To tutor two tooters to toot?“
3. 無韻體(Blank Verse):五音步抑揚格,不押韻詩體。
Across the watery bale , and shout again,
Responsive to his call, - with quivering peals,
And long halloos, and screams, and echoes loud.
Redoubled and redoubled:concourse wild
Of jocund din!…
William Wordsworth: There Was a Boy
4. 自由詩(Free Verse):現代詩中常見的體式,長短不同的詩行存在於同壹首詩中,不講究押韻與格律,只註重詩歌所表達的意象和傳遞的情感。美國詩人Walt Whitman的(Leaves of Grass)中,就采用此格式。例子見第四部分。