淺析北朝詩歌中的兩類女性形象
Analysis on the two types of feminine images in the poetries of Northern Dynasty
內容摘要：北朝詩歌可以按作者類型分為兩類，壹類是樂府收集的北朝民歌，另壹類是文人創作的詩歌。這兩類詩歌中都塑造了許多女性形象，將這些女性形象放在壹起對比就會發現，同樣是北朝詩歌作品中所塑造的形象，北朝民歌的婦女與北朝文人詩歌中的婦女卻大相徑庭。以木蘭、李波小妹為代表的北朝民歌中的女性英勇善戰、直率大膽、個性鮮明；而文人詩中的女性大多是多愁善感的思婦形象，生活空間狹窄，個性單壹空洞。
Abstract: Poetries of Northern Dynasty could be separated into two categories based on the genres of poets; one was the Northern Dynasty ballads collected in the Yuefu Poems, the other was the poetries indited by scholars. Both these two categories had created many images of women, but if put under comparison, there were significant disparities between the women in the ballads and the women in the poetries of scholars despite of the fact that they were all from the poetries of Northern Dynasty. The women in the Northern Dynasty ballads represented by sisters Mulan and Libo were valiant and skillful fighters, candid and bold with outstanding individuality; but the women in the scholars’ poems were mostly of the sentimental lovesick wives with tight living space, single and empty personalities.
前者再現了歷史現實中的北朝女性的形象，而後者卻是文人經過藝術加工而重建的文學形象。造成這壹現象的原因有很多方面，綜合起來有以下幾點：1、南風北漸，南朝詩風的影響；2、北朝經學思想，當時社會風氣的潛移默化；3、知識分子的軟弱性，文人特有心態所決定的。
The former reemerged the actual feminine image in the Northern Dynasty history, while the latter were the rebuilt literary image artistically produced by scholars. There were many reasons that caused this development and they could be summed up as follows: 1. Influence from the South, impact of the poetic styles of the Southern Dynasty; 2. The Confucian classics thoughts of the Northern Dynasty and the subtle influence of the then and there social conducts; 3. Decisions caused by the weakness of intellectuals and the special mental attitudes of scholars.
關鍵詞：北朝詩歌 Northern Dynasty poetries
女性形象 Feminine image
南朝詩風 Poetic styles of Southern Dynasty
儒家思想 Confucianism
文人心態 Mental attitudes of scholars