引申既可化具體為抽象,也可化抽象為具體。
壹、從具體到抽象
There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference.
分析:bottleneck本指瓶頸,由於具有使緩慢和阻滯的效果,因而被抽象地引申為限制。
參考譯文:過去有過這種情況:移民限制極為嚴格,不許任何人出於個人考慮而遷居他國。
二、從抽象到具體
While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
參考譯文:幾乎每個史學家對史學都有自己的界定,但現代史學家們的觀點都趨向於認為史學是試圖重現並闡明過去發生的重大事件。