有以下十種情況使用動詞原形:
1.與助動詞或情態動詞do,does,did,shall,will,should,would,may,might,have to,must,need,ought to等壹起構成謂語的動詞時,要用原形.
如:
Do you like English?妳喜歡英語嗎?
May I use your telephone?我可以用妳的電話嗎?
We must study hard and make progress every day.我們必須好好學習,天天向上。
Shall we tell her to wait?我們要不要告訴她等壹下?
2.祈使句的謂語動詞,要用原形。
如:
Close the door behind you,please.請隨手關上門。
Don't make a noise.別吵鬧。
Let's live in peace and friendship.讓我們生活在和平和友誼之中。
3.感覺動詞look at,see,watch,notice,listen to,hear,feel等的賓語與其補足語構成邏輯上的主謂關系,表示動作的最後結果或全過程時,作賓語補足語的動詞要用原形。但改成被動語態要帶to。
如:
I saw the train come into the station.我看見火車進站了.
I heard a letter drop.(A letter was heard to drop.) 我聽到信掉了下去.
4.使役動詞let,have,make後的賓語與作賓語補足語的動詞構成邏輯上的主謂關系時,這個動詞要用原形。但改成被動語態要帶to;let後的動詞可不帶to,如:
He let Jack lead the way.他讓傑克在前面帶路。
Have him send the letter.叫他把信送去。
His jokes made us all laugh.他的笑話使我們都大笑起來。
Everyone must be made to know nobody should break the law. 應使每個人都知道,誰也不得違法。
5.兩個以上的並列不定式用and或or連接起來,第二個不定式常省去to。
如:
Let's go and play football.我們去踢球。
It is fun to jump into pool or go swimming in a river in summer. 在夏天跳進遊泳池或江河裏去遊泳是很有趣的。
6.在why not…和why…句型中,not和why後直接跟動詞原形,構成反問,表示“建議、勸告、責備或提醒”等。如:
Why not use my bicycle?為什麽不用我的自行車呢?
Why waste so much money?為什麽要浪費那麽多錢呢?
7.動詞help後是復合賓語,其賓語補足語由動詞充當時,這個動詞前帶to或不帶to都可,但在被動語態中必須帶to。
如:
She helped me (to) clean the room.(I was helped to clean the room byher.)他幫我打掃房間。
8.do,dose,did與動詞原形連用,以加強語氣,不但可以用在祈使句中,而且也可用在壹般現在時和壹般過去時的肯定陳述句中。
如:
Do be careful!壹定要當心!
She does look nice today.她今天看起來的確漂亮。
I did think be was wrong.我的確認為他錯了。
9.不定式作介詞but和except的賓語,當其前有實意動詞do時,後面的動詞不定式要省略to。如:
Jack had nothing to do but/except watch TV.傑克除了看電視外無事可做。
10.在壹些固定的句型中,如had better(最好),would rather (寧願),would rather…that…(寧願…而不)等後面的動詞要用原形。
如:
You had better have a good rest.妳最好好好休息壹下。
He would rather go to work by bike.他寧願騎自行車去上班。
As a revolutionary,he would rather die with his head high than live with his knees bent.作為革命者,他寧願昂首而死,而不願屈膝求生。
擴展資料:
凡是出現在句子或者短語中的動詞,其都不是動詞原形,要麽是非謂語動詞,要麽是謂語動詞。
例句如下:
1. You eat an apple every day.
此處的eat為謂語動詞,隱含的時間助動詞do表示現在時間,eat為壹般態;
2. Do you eat an apple every day?
此處的Do eat為謂語動詞,Do表示現在時間,eat壹般態;
3. You ate an apple every day.
此處的ate為謂語動詞,隱含的時間助動詞did表示過去時間,ate還原為壹般態eat;
4. Did you eat an apple every day?
此處的did eat為謂語動詞,Did表示過去時間,eat壹般態;
5. She eats an apple every day.
此處的eats為謂語動詞,隱含的時間助動詞does表示現在時間,eats還原為壹般態eat;
6. Does she eat an apple every day?
此處的does eat為謂語動詞,does表示現在時間,eat壹般態;
7. You will eat an apple every day.
此處的will eat為謂語動詞,will表示將來時間,eat壹般態;
8. Will you eat an apple every day?
此處的will eat為謂語動詞,will表示將來時間,eat壹般態;
9. I want to eat an apple.
此處的want 為謂語動詞,want前隱藏了時間助動詞do,to eat an apple為非謂語動詞短語作為want 的賓語。
10. To eat is human, to digest, divine.
此處的is為謂語動詞(系動詞),is表達現在時間,句首的to eat 為非謂語動詞做主語,本身並不包含時間內涵。
11. She is eating an apple.
此處的is eating 為謂語動詞,is 表達現在時間, eating為非謂語動詞進行態。
12. Eating apples is good for your health.
此處的is為謂語動詞(系動詞),is表達現在時間,eating apples為非謂語動詞短語(進行態)做主語,本身並不包含時間內涵。
註:
關於非謂語動詞短語的“不定態”、”進行態“、”完成態“、“壹般態”的概念請參考《英語思維:解密英語語法的原理》圖書及視頻。
所以通過以上分析可知,文首的句子中沒有動詞原形。
有些系動詞又是實義動詞,該動詞表達實義時,有詞義,可單獨作謂語,例如:
Food goes bad in summer.
He went to school at six.
1)狀態系動詞
用來表示主語狀態,只有be壹詞,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是壹名教師。(is與補足語壹起說明主語的身份。)
2)持續系動詞
用來表示主語繼續或保持壹種狀況或態度,主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沈默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是壹個謎。
3)表像系動詞
用來表示"看起來像"這壹概念,主要有seem,appear,look,例如:
He looks tired. 他看起來很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。
4)感官系動詞
感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet.
這朵花聞起來很香。
5)變化系動詞
這些系動詞表示主語變成什麽樣,變化系動詞主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.
例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之後,他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。
6)終止系動詞
表示主語已終止動作,主要有prove,turn out,表達"證實","變成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查證實很難。
His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終於成功了。(turn out表終止性結果)
在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式,動名詞,和分詞(分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞)。
1)不定式
時態\語態 主動 被動
壹般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2)動名詞
時態\語態 主動 被動
壹般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3)分詞
時態\語態 主動 被動
壹般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式:not +不定式, not + 動名詞, not + 現在分詞
壹個動詞可以在有的場合下及物,有的場合下又不及物。像“kick”這個動詞,在“kick the ball”裏,“kick”是“及物”動詞,“及”什麽“物”呢?這裏的“物”就是“ball”;但是如果只說“kick”,就是“蹬,跺”,“我跺腳”就只是“I kick”2個詞就夠了,壹個主語壹個謂語,我跺腳的動作不涉及賓語,不涉及我跺了什麽,就是我跺腳這個動作而已。