不定式可以充當部分及物動詞的賓語,也可以充當but和except等介詞的賓語以及形容詞的賓語。
1.作動詞的賓語
①不定式可以充當部分及物動詞的賓語。
Father likes to listen to music in silence. 父親喜歡靜靜地聽音樂。
He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg. 他寧願餓死也不願乞討。
I never thought to meet you here. 我沒想到在這裏遇見妳。
必背:
可接不定式作賓語的動詞有:
afford負擔得起
agree 同意
aim以……為目標
ask 要求
attempt 嘗試
begin 開始
care喜愛
choose決定
continue 繼續
decide 決定
desire 要求
determine決心
expect 期待
fail不能
forget 忘記
hate不願
hope 希望
ntend 打算
manage設法
mean 打算
offer表示願意
plan 計劃
prefer 寧願
pretend 假裝
promise 答應
refuse 拒絕
remember記起
try努力
want 想要
wish希望
②在feel, find, make, think, consider等動詞後,如果賓語帶有賓語補足語時,人們常常用it作形式賓語,而把真實賓語放在賓語補足語之後。
I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我發現有可能不用計算機而解出這道題目。
She made it a rule to get up at five. 她養成了五點起床的習慣。
I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. 我覺得被邀請在會上面對這麽多學生發言是壹件很光榮的事情。
③在表示“希望、打算”等動詞(如hope, expect, intend, mean, want等)的過去式後,可接動詞不定式的完成式來表示沒有實現的動作。
I intended to have called on you, but was prevented from doing so. 我原想來拜訪妳的,但沒來成。
I expected to have met him here last night. 我以為昨天晚上能在這裏見到他。(但沒做到)
We meant to have stayed there a week. 我們原打算在那兒呆壹個星期的。
I wanted to have dropped her a line, but forgot to do so. 我原想寫壹封信給她,但忘記了。
提示:
表示“原打算、原以為”還可以用這類動詞的過去完成時來表達。
I had intended to call on you. 我原想來拜訪妳的。
I had expected to meet him here last night. 我原以為昨天晚上能在這裏見到他的。
We had meant to stay there a week. 我們原打算在那兒呆壹個星期的。
2.作介詞的賓語
不定式可以作介詞but和except的賓語。
The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard. 老師除了叫他努力學習外,未做任何評價。
He had no choice but to sit there as usual. 他沒有什麽選擇,只好像往常壹樣坐在那兒。
There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我們只能耐心等待。
D. 動詞不定式作賓語補足語
不定式可以在“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語”句型中充當賓語補足語。在這壹句型中,賓語是動詞不定式的邏輯主語。
1.在表示感覺的動詞後作賓語補足語,並且不定式都不帶to。這類動詞有:see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。
I heard them sing yesterday. 昨天我聽見他們唱歌了。
Did you see him go out 妳看見他出去了嗎?
I felt something crawl up my leg. 我感到有什麽東西爬到我腿上了。
註意:轉為被動語態時,原不帶to的不定式要變成帶to的不定式。notice和watch沒有被動語態。
We saw the car stop.
The car was seen to stop. 我們看見這輛車停了下來。2.在使役動詞後作賓語補足語,不定式不帶to。
這類動詞有:make, let, have等。轉為被動語態時,其後通常都用帶to的不定式(have沒有被動語態)。
有些動詞跟不定式作賓語補足語時省去了to,這些動詞有:
壹感二聽三讓四觀看。
壹感:feel 二聽:hear,listen to 三讓:let,have,make 四觀看:observe,see,watch.,look at
What would you have me do 妳要我做什麽?
She made him give up smoking. 她讓他戒了煙。
Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想幹什麽就讓他幹吧。
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 雖然經常是他弄哭小妹妹,但今天他卻被小妹妹弄哭了。
3.在表示心理狀態的動詞後作賓語補足語。這類動詞有:consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。這類動詞後的不定式通常是“to be+形容詞或名詞”結構,think, consider, find後的to be常可省略。
We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我們認為他是壹個好老師。
He proved that theory (to be) very important. 他證明那個理論是很重要的。
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第壹次見到她的時候就認為她人很好,很誠實。
4.在表示情感狀態的動詞後作賓語補足語。這類動詞有:love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。
I'd prefer you to leave him alone. 我希望妳不要打擾他。
I don't want there to be any trouble. 我不想有任何麻煩。
5.動詞advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等後面,多接不定式短語作賓語補足語。
We don't allow such things to happen again. 我們不容許這種事情再發生。
Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. 大多數父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽煙。
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她請我在她不在的時候接電話。
Please remind me to leave her this note. 請提醒我留給她這張紙條。
She requested him to go with her. 她邀請他壹同去。