高中英語作文簡單句
英語中的五種基本句型結構 壹、句型1: Subject (主語) + Verb (謂語) 這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞,所謂不及物動詞,就是這種動詞後不可以直接接賓語。常見的動詞如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, e, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如: 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明學習很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發生的。 3)Spring is ing. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject (主語) + Link. V(系動詞) + Predicate(表語) 這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點、身份等。其系動詞壹般可分為下列兩類: (1)表示狀態。這樣的詞有:be, look, seem, *** ell, taste, sound, keep等。如: 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示變化。這類系動詞有:bee, turn, get, grow, go等。如: 1) Spring es. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天氣變得越來越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹比以前長得高多了。 三、句型3:Subject(主語) + Verb (謂語) + Object (賓語) 這種句型中的動詞壹般為及物動詞, 所謂及物動詞,就是這種動詞後可以直接接賓語,其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當。例: 1) He took his bag and left.(名詞) 他拿著書包離開了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代詞)當我遇到困難時,李雷總能給我幫助。 3) She plans to travel in the ing May Day.(不定式)她打算在即將到來的“五壹”外出旅遊。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下壹步該幹什麽。 註意:英語中的許多動詞既是及物動詞,又是不及物動詞。 四、句型4: Subject(主語)+Verb(謂語)+ Indirect object(間接賓語)+Direct object (直接賓語) 這種句型中,直接賓語為主要賓語,表示動作是對誰做的或為誰做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當;間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語,去掉之後,對整個句子的影響不大,多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔。引導這類雙賓語的常見動詞有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如: 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了壹本詞典作為生日禮物。 2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人經常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子還可以表達為: 1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5: Subject(主語)+Verb (動詞)+Object (賓語)+Complement(補語) 這種句型中的“賓語 + 補語”統稱為“復合賓語”。賓語補足語的主要作用或者是補充、說明賓語的特點、身份等;或者表示讓賓語去完成的動作等。擔任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。如: 1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 妳應該讓屋子保持幹凈整潔。(形容詞) 2) We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當班長。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。 4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現在分詞) 5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with o Americans.(過去分詞) ● 常見的動詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。 ● 註意:動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等後面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時,不帶to。如: 1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項工作。 2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了壹個晚上。 獨立主格結構 壹) 獨立主格結構的構成: 名詞(代詞)+現在分詞、過去分詞; 名詞(代詞)+形容詞; 名詞(代詞)+副詞; 名詞(代詞)+不定式; 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構成。 二) 獨立主格結構的特點: 1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨立存在。 2)名詞或代詞與後面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定 式,介詞等是主謂關系。 3)獨立主格結構壹般有逗號與主句分開。 舉例: The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結束了,我們開始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統被謀殺了,舉國上下沈浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天氣允許,我們明天去看妳。 This done, we went home. 工作完成後,我們才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 會議結束後,每個人都想早點回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子裏,耳朵凍壞了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館。 三) With的復合結構作獨立主格 表伴隨時,既可用分詞的獨立結構,也可用with的復合結構。 with +名詞(代詞)+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語 舉例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. 典型例題 The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 答案D. with +名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語結構。當分詞表示伴隨狀況時,其主語常常用with來引導。由於本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動關系,因此用過去分詞,選D. 註意: 1) 獨立主格結構使用介詞的問題: 當介詞是in時,其前後的兩個名詞均不加任何成分(如物主代詞或冠詞),也不用復數。但 with 的復合結構不受此限制 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加his)。 2) 當表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時,及物動詞用現在分 詞,不及物動詞用過去分詞。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 典型例題:Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案B. 本題中沒有連詞,它不是復合句,也不是並列句。 句中使用了逗號,且we 小寫,可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨立主格或with的復合結構。據此判斷,本句中使用的是獨立結構,其結構為:名詞+分詞。 由於permit在這裏翻譯為'天氣允許',表主動,應用現在分詞,故選B。 如果不會判斷獨立結構作狀語的形式,不妨將句子改為條件句,例如本句改為If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然後將if 去掉,再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。 不能“以貌取意”的常見句型例析 1.This is the last thing I would ever want to do. 這是我最不願做的壹件事情。 析“the last +to do;the last +定語從句”中的last的意思為“least willing/likely”,譯為“最不願意;最不可能”。 He's the last man I want to see.他是我最不想見的人。 He is the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能撒謊的人。 She's the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.她是我在宴會上最不願與之挨著坐的女人。 2.One can't be too honest. 人越老實越好。 析句中“cannot...too...”意為“無論怎樣……也不過分”或“越……越好”。該句型中的not可以換成 hardly,never或scarcely;too可以換成 over或enough等,意思不變。 You cannot be too careful.You cannot be over careful.=You cannot be careful enough.妳越仔細越好。 A man can never have too many friends.朋友越多越好。 3.It's a wise man that never makes mistakes. 無論多麽聰明的人,也難免犯錯誤。 析“It is a +形容詞+名詞+that...”結構是壹個特殊的習慣用法,意思是“無論怎樣的……也不……”。真正的句子意思與字面意思相反,它具有含蓄的讓步意味,切不可望文生義、譯成強調句型。 It's a long lane that has no turning.無論怎樣長的巷子也有轉彎處。(引申意義為:耐心等待終會時來運轉。) It's a good horse that never stumbles.再好的馬也有失前蹄的時候。(引申意義為:金無足赤,人無完人。) 4?I'm too anxious to know the result. 我極想知道結果。 析英語中“too...to...”結構表示“太……以致不”的意思。例如:The star is too *** all to see.但是,如果too後形容詞表示主語的狀態、心理活動、情感態度(常見的有glad,easy,ready,anxious,eager, willing,happy等),並與其後的不定式構成固定搭配,這時too含有肯定意義,表示“very,extremely”的意思。 They are too anxious to leave.他們急於離去。 Mr.Smith was too eager to see her.史密斯先生極想見到她。 5.It's three years since he was a teacher. 他不當教師已經三年了。 析在“It is some time since +主語+謂語+其它成分。”這壹結構中,如果從句謂語動詞是非延續性動詞,那麽時間的計算就從該動作的發生開始算起。 It‘s three years since he joined the army.他參軍已經三年了。 如果從句謂語動詞是延續性動詞,時間就要從該動作的結束算起。 It's many years since they lived here.他們不在這兒住已經好多年了。 6.All that glitters is not gold. 閃光的東西不壹定都是金子。 析在句中當不定代詞all,both,every及 every的復合詞,副詞always,often,entirely與 not壹起使用時,表示部分否定,意思是“並非都是”,“不是每個人都”等。 I don't remember all these formulas.這些公式我並非全都記得。 Every man cannot do it.並非每個人都能做這個。 I don't entirely agree with you.我並不完全同意妳的看法。 註意:當all,both,every等詞和帶im-,in-,un-,dis-等表示否定意義的前綴的詞連用時,表示全部否定的意義。 All your answers are incorrect.妳所有的答案都不正確。 表示全部否定時,我們常使用no,not,nobody,nothing,never,nowhere,neither等詞。 None of the teachers *** oke.這些老師都不抽煙。 7.The mountain is not valuable because it is high. 山並不因為高而具有價值。(山不在高) 析含有原因狀語從句的主從復合句,形式上雖然否定主句的謂語,然而意義上則是否定該原因狀語,譯為“並不因為……而……”。 You cannot walk away just because someone tells you he doesn't want to buy.妳不能僅僅因為他告訴妳不買就走開。 Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle had said so.伽利略並不只是因為亞裏斯多德說過某事如何如何,就輕易相信它。 8.I didn't pretend to understand what he said. 我假裝沒懂他說的話。 析常用動詞pretend,happen的否定形式有兩種:既可以否定pretend,也可以否定其後的不定式,其意義不變。 I didn't happen to be there.=I happened not to be there.我恰巧不在那兒。 They didn't pretend to see me when I went by.=They pretended not to see me when I went by.當我經過的時候,他們假裝沒有看見我。 9?Let's have a rest under the big tree. It's nice and cool here. 讓我們在大樹下歇會吧。這兒很涼快。 析nice and,good and都表示“很,非常,完全”的意思。and前的形容詞實質上起副詞作用,修飾後邊的形容詞,表示強調。 I am good and ready.我都準備好了。 It is good and cold in the morning.早上非常冷。 獨立主格結構 壹) 獨立主格結構的構成: 名詞(代詞)+現在分詞、過去分詞; 名詞(代詞)+形容詞; 名詞(代詞)+副詞; 名詞(代詞)+不定式; 名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構成。 二) 獨立主格結構的特點: 1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨立存在。 2)名詞或代詞與後面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定 式,介詞等是主謂關系。 3)獨立主格結構壹般有逗號與主句分開。 舉例: The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考試結束了,我們開始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 總統被謀殺了,舉國上下沈浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天氣允許,我們明天去看妳。 This done, we went home. 工作完成後,我們才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 會議結束後,每個人都想早點回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子裏,耳朵凍壞了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館。 三) With的復合結構作獨立主格 表伴隨時,既可用分詞的獨立結構,也可用with的復合結構。 with +名詞(代詞)+現在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語 舉例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. 典型例題 The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 答案D. with +名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語結構。當分詞表示伴隨狀況時,其主語常常用with來引導。由於本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動關系,因此用過去分詞,選D. 註意: 1) 獨立主格結構使用介詞的問題: 當介詞是in時,其前後的兩個名詞均不加任何成分(如物主代詞或冠詞),也不用復數。但 with 的復合結構不受此限制 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加his)。 2) 當表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時,及物動詞用現在分 詞,不及物動詞用過去分詞。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up. 典型例題:Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案B. 本題中沒有連詞,它不是復合句,也不是並列句。 句中使用了逗號,且we 小寫,可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨立主格或with的復合結構。據此判斷,本句中使用的是獨立結構, 其結構為:名詞+分詞。 由於permit在這裏翻譯為'天氣允許',表主動,應用現在分詞,故選B。 如果不會判斷獨立結構作狀語的形式,不妨將句子改為條件句,例如本句改為If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然後將if 去掉,再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。 不能“以貌取意”的常見句型例析 1.This is the last thing I would ever want to do. 這是我最不願做的壹件事情。 析“the last +to do;the last +定語從句”中的last的意思為“least willing/likely”,譯為“最不願意;最不可能”。 He's the last man I want to see.他是我最不想見的人。 He is the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能撒謊的人。 She's the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.她是我在宴會上最不願與之挨著坐的女人。 2.One can't be too honest. 人越老實越好。 析句中“cannot...too...”意為“無論怎樣……也不過分”或“越……越好”。該句型中的not可以換成 hardly,never或scarcely;too可以換成 over或enough等,意思不變。 You cannot be too careful.You cannot be over careful.=You cannot be careful enough.妳越仔細越好。 A man can never have too many friends.朋友越多越好。 3.It's a wise man that never makes mistakes. 無論多麽聰明的人,也難免犯錯誤。 析“It is a +形容詞+名詞+that...”結構是壹個特殊的習慣用法,意思是“無論怎樣的……也不……”。真正的句子意思與字面意思相反,它具有含蓄的讓步意味,切不可望文生義、譯成強調句型。 It's a long lane that has no turning.無論怎樣長的巷子也有轉彎處。(引申意義為:耐心等待終會時來運轉。) It's a good horse that never stumbles.再好的馬也有失前蹄的時候。(引申意義為:金無足赤,人無完人。) 4?I'm too anxious to know the result. 我極想知道結果。 析英語中“too...to...”結構表示“太……以致不”的意思。例如:The star is too *** all to see.但是,如果too後形容詞表示主語的狀態、心理活動、情感態度(常見的有glad,easy,ready,anxious,eager, willing,happy等),並與其後的不定式構成固定搭配,這時too含有肯定意義,表示“very,extremely”的意思。 They are too anxious to leave.他們急於離去。 Mr.Smith was too eager to see her.史密斯先生極想見到她。 5.It's three years since he was a teacher. 他不當教師已經三年了。 析在“It is some time since +主語+謂語+其它成分。”這壹結構中,如果從句謂語動詞是非延續性動詞,那麽時間的計算就從該動作的發生開始算起。 It‘s three years since he joined the army.他參軍已經三年了。 如果從句謂語動詞是延續性動詞,時間就要從該動作的結束算起。 It's many years since they lived here.他們不在這兒住已經好多年了。 6.All that glitters is not gold. 閃光的東西不壹定都是金子。 析在句中當不定代詞all,both,every及 every的復合詞,副詞always,often,entirely與 not壹起使用時,表示部分否定,意思是“並非都是”,“不是每個人都”等。 I don't remember all these formulas.這些公式我並非全都記得。 Every man cannot do it.並非每個人都能做這個。 I don't entirely agree with you.我並不完全同意妳的看法。 註意:當all,both,every等詞和帶im-,in-,un-,dis-等表示否定意義的前綴的詞連用時,表示全部否定的意義。 All your answers are incorrect.妳所有的答案都不正確。 表示全部否定時,我們常使用no,not,nobody,nothing,never,nowhere,neither等詞。 None of the teachers *** oke.這些老師都不抽煙。 7.The mountain is not valuable because it is high. 山並不因為高而具有價值。(山不在高) 析含有原因狀語從句的主從復合句,形式上雖然否定主句的謂語,然而意義上則是否定該原因狀語,譯為“並不因為……而……”。 You cannot walk away just because someone tells you he doesn't want to buy.妳不能僅僅因為他告訴妳不買就走開。 Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle had said so.伽利略並不只是因為亞裏斯多德說過某事如何如何,就輕易相信它。 8.I didn't pretend to understand what he said. 我假裝沒懂他說的話。 析常用動詞pretend,happen的否定形式有兩種:既可以否定pretend,也可以否定其後的不定式,其意義不變。 I didn't happen to be there.=I happened not to be there.我恰巧不在那兒。 They didn't pretend to see me when I went by.=They pretended not to see me when I went by.當我經過的時候,他們假裝沒有看見我。 9?Let's have a rest under the big tree. It's nice and cool here. 讓我們在大樹下歇會吧。這兒很涼快。 析nice and,good and都表示“很,非常,完全”的意思。and前的形容詞實質上起副詞作用,修飾後邊的形容詞,表示強調。 I am good and ready.我都準備好了。 It is good and cold in the morning.早上非常冷。