spend的主語只能是人，cost的主語是物或事，take後接時間時，主語也可以是人。此外，take和cost還可以用動詞不定式或動詞不定式短語作真實主語,而it為形式主語。
壹、take詞匯分析音標：英?[te?k]?美?[tek]?
釋義：
vt. 拿，取；采取；接受（禮物等）；買，花費；耗費（時間等）
vi. 拿；獲得
n. 捕獲量；看法；利益，盈益；（入場券的）售得金額
例句
1、The boy took his mother's outstretched hand.
小男孩抓住媽媽伸出的手。
2、She took her friend to her arms.
她擁抱她的朋友。
3、Go and take some coffee cups.
去拿幾個咖啡杯。
4、Take the broken glass away.
把破玻璃杯拿走。
5、He took a dictionary from the desk.
他從書桌上拿了壹本詞典。
二、cost詞匯分析音標：英?[k?st]?美?[k?st]?
釋義：
vt. 花費；使付出；使花許多錢；估價，估算成本
vi. 花費
n. 費用，代價，成本；損失
例句
1、It must cost a good deal to live here.
住在這裏壹定要花很多錢的。
2、Careless driving cost him his life.
開車不小心使他喪了命。
3、The work was costed by the engineer at $50,000.
這項工程據工程師估價為50 000美元。
4、The furniture in the living room really costs.
起居室裏的這套家具真花了不少錢。
5、We want a man who must be able to cost.
我們需要壹個能計算成本的人。
三、spend詞匯分析音標：英?[spend]?美?[sp?nd]?
釋義：
vt. 度過，消磨（時光）；花費；浪費；用盡
vi. 花錢；用盡，耗盡
n. 預算
例句
1、You really shouldn't spend so much effort on it.
妳真不該在這件事上花費這麽大的精力。
2、Then I spent a few days in Hamburg.
然後我在漢堡又逗留了幾天。
3、He spent all his energy climbing up the hill.
他耗盡全身氣力爬上了山頂。
4、The typhoon had spent its fury.
臺風的勢頭已經減弱了。
5、We should not spend our fortune.
我們不能浪費錢財。