1,3,5,6問題,我介紹個常用的翻譯軟件給妳,lingoes,可以在lingoes網站下載妳需要的詞典,可同時安裝多個詞典,從最基礎的漢英,英漢,到朗文,牛津等純英文詞典,從單詞釋義到詞組例句,應有盡有,使用很方便。
2.the flim is intended for adults only.
中文可能會想當然的‘這部電影只允許成人觀看。’但是intended for sb/sth帶有sth is planned or designed for sb/sth,如:
The book is intended for children. 這本書是為兒童設計。
而permit的被動句...老實說,我只看過sb is permitted to do sth,或者sth is permitted by sb,實在沒看過針對某人的允許be permitted for sb...至少to sb感覺還對壹點...汗。樓主自己考證吧。
4.像幾個詞詞義比較的問題,中文可能意思相近難以分析,其實只要查壹下各個詞的英文釋義,其中的意思不同就比較好理解了,比如;
aboveat or to a higher place or position than sth/sb處於比某物/人更高的位置或地位
The water came above our knees. 水漲到膝蓋以上了。
We were flying above the clouds. 我們在雲層上飛行。
the people in the apartment above mine 住在我公寓的上層公寓的那些人
A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army. 海軍上尉比陸軍上尉等級高。
overresting on the surface of sb/sth and partly or completely covering them/it部分地或完全地覆蓋在某人/物表面
in or to a position higher than but not touching sb/sth; above sb/sth在壹個更高的不與下面物體接觸的位置,和above同義
She put a blanket over the sleeping child.她將被子蓋在睡著的孩子身上。
He wore an overcoat over his suit. 他在西裝上穿了外套。
She put her hand over her mouth to stop herself from screaming.她將手捂在嘴上以防自己大叫。
They held a large umbrella over her. 他們在她頭頂撐了壹把大傘。
The balcony juts out over the street.陽臺突出在街道上空。
為了加深印象,可以諸如把over,on代入above的例句體會其中不同。
8.那些量詞的區別,基本上就是可數不可數的區別了,這個稍微查壹下就能知道。
9.表語從句,理解上就是從句在句中充當表語,具體的用法我搜了壹下百度百科,給妳貼出來吧。
表語從句
壹 定義:
A 表語從句就是用壹個句子作為表語。說明主語是什麽或者怎麽[1]樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當於名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當,和連系動詞壹起構成謂語。
The problem is puzzling.
這問題令人困惑
主語 連系動詞 形容詞作表語
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
問題是什麽時候我們可以得到加薪.
主語 連系動詞 壹個句子作表語---表語從句
B 連接表語從句的連接詞有:that, what, who, when, where, which, why,
whether,how.
He has become a teacher.
他已經成為壹名教師。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
他已經成為了他10年前想成為的。
She has remained there for an hour.
她曾在那裏停留了壹個小時。
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
她壹直在我昨天站的地方站了壹個小時。
His suggestion is good.
他的建議是好的。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
他的建議是,我們應該保持冷靜。
The question is confusing.
這個問題令人困惑.
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
問題是,他什麽時候可以到達酒店。
who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.誰與我明天將前往北京。
why he cried yesterday.
昨天他為什麽哭。
how I can persuade her to join us in the party.
我怎麽能說服她加入我們的派對。
whether the enemy is marching towards us.
是否敵人正向我們行進.
二 註意:
A 表語從句壹定要用陳述語序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B 不可以用if,而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外)。
引導賓語從句時可以互換if/whether 位於介詞後要用whether
位於句首時要用whether
引導表語從句,主語從句,同位語從句時要用whether
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
C 不像賓語從句,在有表語從句的復合句中,主句時態和從句時態可以不壹致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
D that在表語從句中不可以省掉。
[編輯本段]表語從句的基本用法
表語從句只能置於主句之後,而主句的動詞只能是聯系動詞。
名詞性從句在be等系動詞後作表語時被稱為表語從句, 例如: The problem is how we can get the things we need.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西。(how 在表語從句中充當方式狀語)// The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表語從句中充當賓語)// What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語, that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分, 不能省略)// That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對妳講的。(what在表語從句中充當直接賓語)// That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語從句中充當原因狀語)
註意: “That is why...”是常用句型, 意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”, 其中why引導的名詞性從句在句中作表語, 該句型通常用於針對前面已經說明過的原因進行總結, 又如: That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮, 這就是現在這個老太婆出現在妳面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異, 說話人對她講述了其中的原因之後,用這壹句來進行概括)。// That is why I came. 這就是我來的原因。
下面是兩個與“That is why...”形式相似的結構, 它們與“That is why...”結構之間的關系要能夠辨析清楚:
(1)“That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義, 只不過從語法結構上講, “That is the reason why...”中why引導的是—個定語從句, 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結構壹樣, 例如:
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語, 這也是個常用句型, 意為“這就是為什麽……/因為……”。“That is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在於“That is because...”指原因或理由, “That is why...”則指由於各種原因所造成的後果, 例如:
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影, 那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業。(第壹句話說明結果, 第二句話說明原因)
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影, 因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第壹句話說明原因, 第二句話說明結果)
〔考題1〕 The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
〔答案〕 D
〔解析〕 下劃線處之後是包含壹個原因狀語從句的表語從句, 如果看不出它是充當整個句子結構的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思。因此, 應選擇可引導名詞性從句且不充當任何成分的that。
〔考題2〕 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)
A. why B. where C. what D. how
〔答案〕 B
〔解析〕 下劃線處的引導詞引導系動詞is後的表語從句並在該表語從句中充當地點狀語(“disagree”屬於不及物動詞, “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結構), 下劃線應填入引導詞where, 表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”。
〔考題3〕 — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)
A. why B. when C. what D. where
〔答案〕 A
〔解析〕 下劃線處的引導詞引導與系動詞is連用的表語從句並在該表語從句中充當原因狀語, 下劃線應填入表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的結果)的引導詞why。
〔考題4〕 ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
〔答案〕 A
〔解析〕 第壹個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句並在該主語從句中充當賓語, 特指她所不理解的事情, 應填入關系代詞型的引導詞what; 第二個下劃線處表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的後果, 由why引導對應的名詞性從句)而不是“為什麽……”(指原因、 理由, 由because引導對應的名詞性從句), 應填入引導詞why。
〔考題5〕 ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because
〔答案〕 B
〔解析〕 第壹個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句並在該主語從句中充當主語, 特指令校方驕傲的事情, 應選用關系代詞型的引導詞what; 第二個下劃線處引導表語從句表示原因、 理由, 應由that引導對應的名詞性從句。
〔考題6〕 — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____. (2003北京春)
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
〔答案〕 A
〔解析〕 A選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”; B選項的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事物”; C選項的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”; D選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的時間”。四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應, 充當表語從句。
表語從句與賓語從句的關系
不屬於的
賓語從句和表語從句都屬於名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當賓語的句子叫賓語從句,充當表語的句子叫表語從句。
賓語從句
(1)對於賓語從句要掌握以下三點
①語序: 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序, 即“主語 + 謂語”這種形式。
②時態: 當主句是壹般現在時或壹般將來時的時候, 從句可以是任何時態, 而當主句是壹般過去時的時候, 從句, 從句時態必須是過去時範圍的時態, 即(壹般過去時, 過去進行時, 過去完成時, 過去將來時)。
③連接詞: 當從句意思完整, 主句意思肯定時, 連接詞用that, 且可以省去, 當從句意思完整, 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時, 常用if或whether(是否), 當從句意思不完整時, 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞。
表語從句
在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句,位於主句系動詞的後面。表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同。也是名詞性從句的壹種。
如: What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是妳什麽時候進的房間。
The The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們缺乏資金。
This This is what we should do這是我們應當做的。
That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要妳在那兒工作的原因。
His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第壹個問題是史密斯先生到了沒有。
註意:從句中的疑問句用正常語序,即陳述語序。
as as if, as though, because也可用來引導表語從句。
She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了壹件大事。
It It is because you eat too much那是因為妳吃得太多了。