引起倒裝的前置狀語
當句首狀語為否定詞或帶否定意義的詞語時，壹般引起局部倒裝。這些詞語常見的有：never, not for one minute, no longer, on no account, no more, nowhere else, at no time, hardly, scarcely, rarely, not for nothing等。例如：
Never have I found him in such a good mood.
句首狀語若由?only+副詞?、?only+介詞詞組?、?only+狀語分句?構成，也可引起局部倒裝。例如：
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
以關聯連詞not only(but also)和so(...that)開頭的句子，通常引起局部倒裝。例如：
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
近義詞辨析
gaze, glare, gape, peer, stare?
這組詞均含有?註意地或專註地看?的意思。
gaze
指長時間目不轉晴地看或凝視，常用於表達驚奇、羨慕或心不在焉的心情。
We gazed at the rough sea lost in thought.我們凝視波濤洶湧的大海，陷入沈思。
glare
指怒目而視，敵視或仇視
People glared at the man who had assassinated their premier.人們憤怒地瞪著刺殺了他們總理的兇手。
gape
指目瞪口呆地凝視，常有發呆的意味。
Tourists gaped at the animal keeper feeding meat to the lions.遊客們目不轉晴地看著飼養員給獅子餵肉。
peer
指瞇起眼睛窺視。
The detective peered into the room through his binoculars.偵探用望遠鏡向屋內窺視。
stare
指睜大眼睛看，帶有好奇、猜疑或傲慢等含義。
The girl stared at the beggar instead of giving him some money.小女孩冷冷地盯著乞丐，沒給他錢。
全真模擬試題
1. Any steam engine gives us an example of ?____? into work.
A.heats having turned B. heats turning
C. heats having been turned D. heat being turned
2. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of?______? reality.
A. what it is conceived B. that is conceived
C. that is being conceived D. what is conceived to be
3. Not until a monkey is several years old ?____? to exhibit signs of independence from its mother.
A.it does begin B. when it begins
C. does it begin D. before it begins
4. Television will be used to enable customers to shop from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering via the TV screen, payment?____? by direct debit of their credit cards.
A. making it B. is made
C. being made D. will be made
5. A woman has to be ?____? a man to go half as far.
A. twice as good as B. as twice good as
C. twice good as D. twice so good as
6. Hardly had we got on the bus ?____? it began to rain.
A. when B. since C. but D. before
7. I?m sorry I can?t go with you, but I wish you ?____?.
A. a good time B. have a good time
C. to have a good time D. will have a good time
8. Many a time ?____? them not to do so.
A. we have warned B. do we have warned
C. have we warned D. warned we have
9. They have produced ?____?.
A. 10 more pianos this month than last month
B. 10 pianos more this monththan last month
C. 10 pianos this month as many as last month
D. 10 as many pianos this month as last month
10. He was hungry and ordered two ?____? of fish.
A. shares B. parts C. portions D. sections
11. The best students are ?____? special scholarships.
A. awarded B. rewarded C. forwarded D. honored
12. She stood up and ?____? in strong language.
A. opposed B. reckoned C. objected D. shouted
13. After becoming paralysed, Jane had to get used to the loss of?____?.She hated having to depend on others for things she once did for herself.
A. authority B. autonomy
C. attraction D. dependence
14. Having poor handwriting is not much of a ?____? in an age of typewriters and computers.
A. difference B. possibility
C. convention D. liability
15. The ?____? grades are generally considered to be kindergarten through third grade.
A. primitive B. primary C. promising D. proceeding
16. The meal was excellent; the pears were particularly?____?.
A. flavored B. delicious C. tasteful D. gracious
17. His parents give him many expensive toys as some form of ?____?for his lameness and inability to play active games.
A. remedy B. compensation
C. treatment D. comfort
18. To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the ?____? of the human life span.
A. increase B. expansion
C. growth D. prolongation
19. She was at the ?____? of her career when she was badly injured in the car accident.
A. bloom B. peak C. excess D. extreme
20. Should the ?____? of patriotism be controlled by reason
?A. sentiment B. affection C. emotion D. passion
21.?____? going through to New York yesterday to attend his son?s wedding, Dr. Knapp flew to Chicago for a flower show.
A. On the contrary B. In spite of
C. Instead of D. Because of
22.?____? to the question of refreshments, I should think orange juice and potato chips will be sufficient.
A.Due B. As C. Prior D. According
23. To most of the undergraduate students, the doctoral degree is a distant ?____?.
A. theme B. prospect C. threshold D. token
24. The party?s reduced vote was ?____? of lack of support for its policies.
A. authoritative B. acute
C. adverse D. indicative
25. Plato?s teaching had a profound ?____? on Aristotle.
A. sentiment B. affect C. effect D.sanction
試題答案與解析
1. D)句意蒸汽機是將熱轉化為能的壹個例子。
難點heat是不可數名詞，是being turned的邏輯主語。
2. D)句意從本質上說，理論是對虛構現實的壹種抽象的並具有象征性的展示。
難點介詞of後應接賓語，B)和C)為定語從句，但無先行詞;A)中it為多余，只有D)為名詞性從句，可作of的賓語。
3. C)句意猴子要到幾歲的時候才能表現出脫離母親而獨立的跡象。
難點否定詞not用於句首，要用倒裝句，即把句子謂語的情態動詞或助動詞提到主語前面。
4. C)句意人們將使用電視在家裏舒舒服服地購物，可以通過屏幕進行訂貨，所需支付的款項可直接從信用卡扣除。
難點此句為獨立主格，分句動詞應用分詞形式。
5. A)句意壹個女人如果想走男人的壹半距離的話，那麽她的體力必須是男人的二倍
難點表示?有?幾倍好?用?幾倍+as+adj +as?結構。
6. A)句意我們剛上車，就下起雨來了。
難點hardly位於句首，句子要用倒裝形式。Hardly通常與when連用，表示?壹?就
7. A)句意對不起，我不能跟妳去，但是我希望妳玩得愉快。
難點wish的祝願句中，wish後的直接賓語通常是名詞。
8. C)句意我們多次警告他們不要這樣做。
難點?Many a time?引導倒裝。
9. A)句意他們這個月生產的鋼琴比上個月多十臺。
難點表示程度的狀語應放在比較形容詞或副詞前面。
10. C)句意他餓極了，點了兩份魚。
難點portion意為?(食物的)壹份?;share意為?壹份，份額?，指數量講;part意為?部分?;section意為?(事物的)部分;(文章等的)段落，節?。
11. A)句意最好的學生被頒發特殊獎學金。
難點award意為?授予;頒發?;reward意為?酬謝，獎勵?，常與with連用;forward意為?促進，推動?;honor意為?使增光，給?以榮譽?
12. C)句意她站起身，用激烈的言辭表示反對。
難點object意為?反對，不贊成;提出異議?,指有不同意見。oppose意為?反對;反抗?，及物動詞;reckon意為?計算;數?;shout意為?叫喊?。
13. B)句意癱瘓後，珍妮不得不去習慣失去自由行動能力的狀態，她討厭依賴他人做她以前自己能做的事情。
難點autonomy意為?人身自由;自主權?;authority意為?權力;管轄權?;attraction意為?吸引?;dependence意為?依靠，依賴;依賴關系?。
14. D)句意字寫得不好在打字機和電腦時代算不上不利條件。
難點liability意為?不利條件，妨礙的人(或物)?;difference意為?差異?;possibility意為?可能性?;convention意為?社會習俗?。
15. B)句意壹般認為初級年級是從幼兒園到三年級。
難點primary意為?初級的;小學的?，primitive意為?原始的，上古的;早期的?;promising意為?有希望的，有前途的;大有可為的?;preceding意為?在前的，在先的?。
16. B)句意這頓飯真好吃，尤其是梨，很香。
難點delicious意為?美味的，可口的?;flavored意為?特殊風味的?;tasteful意為?有鑒賞力的;趣味高雅的?;gracious意為?親切的，和藹的;殷勤的?。
17. B)句意由於跛足，他不能玩運動量大的遊戲，他的父母給了他很多昂貴的玩具作為某種形式的補償。
難點compensation意為?補償?;remedy意為?補救;糾正(辦法)?;treatment意為?治療，療法?;comfort意為?安慰，慰藉?。
18. D)句意未來的科學發現將在多大程度上延長人的壽命呢?
難點prolongation意為?延長，拉長?;increase意為?增加;增大?;expansion意為?擴大，擴充?;growth意為?增長，增加;生長?。
19. B)句意正當事業處於頂峰的時候，她出了車禍，受了重傷。
難點peak意為?頂點，頂峰?，常用於詞組at the peak of 中;bloom 意為?開花期;繁花盛開?，常用於詞組 in the bloom of ?;excess意為?超越，越過?;extreme意為?極度(狀態)?。
20. A)句意愛國主義情操應該受理智控制嗎?
難點sentiment意為?情操?，含有較大的理智因素。affection意為?喜愛，愛心?，指熱烈親切慈愛的感情。emotion意為?情緒，激情?，主要指精神上的感情。passion意為?熱情，激情?，指壹種與理智相對而言的強烈的情感，這種情感往往使壹個人的判斷受到影響。
21. C)句意耐普博士昨天沒去紐約參加兒子的婚禮而是飛到芝加哥去看花展。
難點instead of 意為?代替，而不是?;on the contrary 意為?正相反?;in spite of 意為?不顧，盡管?;because of 意為?由於，因為?。四個詞組中，只有instead of 後面可接動名詞doing的形式。
22. C) 句意我想，在吃點心前桔汁和土豆片就足以吃飽了。
難點prior to 意為?在?以前，先於?;due to 意為?由於，因為?;as to 意為?至於，關於?; according to 意為?根據，按照?。
23. B)句意對多數本科生來說，博士學位是壹個遙遠的前景。
難點prospect意為?(經濟、地位等)前景，前程;景象?;theme 意為?主題，題目?;threshold意為?門檻;開端?;token意為?標誌，象征，記號?。
24. D)句意該黨得票下降暗示該黨的政策缺少支持。
難點indicative意為?象征的，暗示的?，後接of，構成詞組;authoritative意為?權威性的，可信的?;acute意為?尖銳的，敏銳的?;adverse意為?不利的，有害的?。
25. C)句意柏拉圖的教學對亞裏士多得有深遠的影響。
難點effect意為?作用，影響?，have an effect on ?意為?對?有影響。?sentiment意為?感情，意見?;affect意為?影響，假裝?，是動詞;sanction意為?贊許，支持;鼓勵?。