How companies use AI to set prices
公司如何利用 AI 定價
Many American shopkeepers hew to manufacturers' recommended prices. A growing number, though, resort to more sophisticated pricing techniques.
許多美國的店主(在定價的時候)仍遵循著制造商建議零售價。不過,越來越多的店主開始采用更為復雜精密的定價方式。
Retailers have historically used rules of thumb, such as adding a fixed margin on top of costs or matching what competitors charge.
零售商過去壹直采取經驗法則,比如,在成本的基礎上增加固定的利潤率,或者向競爭對手的收費看齊。
To gain an edge, shopkeepers have been turning to price-optimisation systems.
為了占據優勢,店主們正在轉向“價格優化系統”。
These predict how customers will respond to different pricing scenarios, and recommend those that maximise sales or profits. At their core are mathematical models that use oodles of transaction data to estimate price elasticities — how much demand increases as the price falls and vice versa — for thousands of products.*** Price-sensitive items can then be discounted and price-insensitive ones marked up.
這些系統能預測顧客對不同定價方案的反應,並且能推薦使銷量或者利潤最大化的方案。價格優化系統的核心是數學模型,這些模型會針對成千上萬種產品,使用大量交易數據來估計“價格彈性”——當價格下降時,需求量會增加多少;反之亦然。然後,對價格敏感商品可以打折,對價格不敏感商品可以提價。
These systems are becoming cleverer thanks to advances in artificial intelligence (AI). Whereas older models used historical sales data to estimate price elasticities for individual items, the latest crop of AI-powered ones can spot patterns and relationships between multiple items.
由於人工智能(AI)的進步,這些系統正在變得越來越聰明。舊的模型只能使用歷史銷售數據對單種商品的價格彈性進行估算,而最新壹批由 AI 驅動的系統能夠發現多種商品之間聯動的模式和關系。
Price-optimisation may make prices more volatile. "Retailers are pricing faster today than they ever have before," says Matt Pavich of Revionics, a pricing-software firm.
價格優化可能會讓價格波動更為頻繁。“現如今,零售商定價比以往任何時候都要快”,定價軟件公司 Revionics 的員工馬特·帕維奇說道。
What pricing systems do not do is leading inexorably to higher prices. Sysco, a big food distributor which rolled out new pricing software last year, is a case in point.
但是定價系統所做的並不是讓價格總是往上走。去年推出新定價軟件的食物經銷商 Sysco,就是壹個例子。
The firm says the system allows it to lower prices on "key value items" — as price-sensitive bestsellers are known in the trade — and raise them on other products.*** It can thus increase profits by expanding sales while maintaining margins. That keeps investors content and shoppers sweet.
這家公司說,這個系統能讓他們降低“關鍵價值商品”的價格——在貿易中價格敏感的暢銷品被稱為“關鍵價值商品”——同時提高其他商品的價格。由此,這家公司可以在維持利潤率不變的情況下擴大銷量,從而增加盈利。這樣既讓(公司)投資人滿意,又讓消費者開心。
主編:樂樂、Nancy
品控:XP
審核:Lucky
重點詞匯
hew to
(北美)堅持、遵循
搭配短語:hew to a tradition
相關詞匯:hew(v. (用斧頭)砍、劈)
例句:The statues were hewn out of solid rock.
resort to
求助於,采取(某種方法)
近義詞:turn to
sophisticated
/s?f?st?ke?t?d/
adj. 精密的,復雜的(因此能完成更復雜任務)
英文釋義:intelligent or complex and therefore able to do complicated tasks
rules of thumb
經驗法則,拇指法則
經驗法則指的是“憑借經驗做事情”。
據說早期有經驗的木工工人,會用拇指當尺子,來測量木材的尺寸,後來“拇指法則”就用來代指“憑借經驗做事情”的“經驗法則”。經驗法則滲透在生活的方方面面。比如,按照經驗,趕飛機要提前兩個小時到機場。As a rule of thumb, you should get to the airport two hours early.。
margin
/?mɑ?r.d?n/
n. 利潤;利潤率;邊緣,邊界;頁面的空白頁;余地
同義詞:profit margin
搭配短語:a gross margin of 45%
on top of
在……的基礎上
例句:On top of all his financial problems, his wife left him.
搭配短語:on top of the world(幸福到極點)
edge
/ed?/
n. 優勢,占上風;邊緣
近義詞:margin
搭配短語:gain an edge(占據優勢)
optimisation
/?ɑpt?m?ze?n/ /ɑ?p.t?.ma?ze?.?n/
n. 優化、完善
相關詞匯:optimise(v. 使完善)
搭配短語:to optimise the economic structure
scenario
/s?ner.i.o?/
n. 可能出現的情況,設想,方案
英文釋義:a situation that could possibly happen
相關詞匯:scene(n. 情景、景象)
近義詞:plan
oodles of
大量、很多
近義詞:a lot of
近義詞:oodles of money
transaction
/tr?n?z?k.?n/
n. 交易、買賣
詞根詞綴:trans-(轉移)
例句:The bank charges for certain transactions.
price elasticity
價格彈性
文化拓展:價格彈性是個經濟學概念,表示“需求與價格之間的關系”。比如:隨著價格上升,需求會降低多少。
相關詞匯:elasticity(n. 彈性)
相關詞匯:elastic(adj. 有彈性的,有彈力的)
搭配短語:an elastic rope
vice versa
反過來也壹樣,反之亦然
例句:Should I come to your house or vice versa?
mark up
漲價,加價
例句:The umbrellas will be marked up during the wet season.
相關詞匯:mark-up(n. 提價幅度)
例句:The retailer's mark-up is 50%.
advance
/?d?v?ns/
n. 進步
詞性拓展:advance(v. 前進,尤其是軍隊前進;進步)
例句:The troops advanced on the capital.
例句:Our knowledge is advancing all the time.
a crop of
壹群
相關詞匯:crop(n. 壹群;作物,莊稼)
搭配短語:next year's crop of undergraduates
AI-powered
/?e?a? pa?.?d/
adj. 由 AI 驅動的
相關詞匯:power(v. 為(裝置)提供動力)
搭配短語:powered by X company
volatile
/?vɑ?.l?.t?l/ /?v?l?ta?l/
adj. 易變的,動蕩不定的;(物質)易揮發的;不穩定的;性情多變的
搭配短語:volatile liquid
搭配短語:a volatile political situation
inexorably
/?n?ek.s?r.?.bli/
adv. 不可抗拒地
例句:Spending on health is growing inexorably.
相關詞匯:inexorable(adj. 不可阻止的)
英文釋義:impossible to stop or prevent
distributor
/d?str?b.j?.t?/
n. 分銷商,經銷商
相關詞匯:distribute(v. 分發;分銷)
roll out
初次公開展出,(新產品)上市;鋪開,展開
例句:The company will roll out its new product in May.
a case in point
壹個相關的例子
英文釋義:a relevant example
近義詞:an example in point
content
/k?n?tent/
adj. 滿足的,滿意的
詞性拓展:content(n. 內容)