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Vast satellite constellations are alarming astronomers

大量的衛星群讓天文學家們感到擔憂

On May 24th, 2019, a Falcon 9 rocket built by SpaceX launched 60 communication satellites into a low orbit around the Earth. That evening they appeared as a string of sunlit dots moving across the sky, many of them as bright as the brightest stars, a source of passing wonder and mystery to casual observers — and a portent of doom to astronomers.***

2019 年 5 月 24 日,SpaceX 公司制造的獵鷹 9 號火箭將 60 顆通信衛星發射到近地軌道上。那天晚上,它們就像壹串在天空中移動著的被陽光照亮的圓點,其中有許多和最亮的星星壹樣明亮。對普通的觀測者來說,這帶來了壹閃而過的奇跡和神秘景象——對天文學家來說,這是厄運的預兆。

SpaceX plans to put up more than a thousand a year from now on. But Starlink is not the only mega-constellation around town. According to filings made with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and national regulatory bodies, 100,000 non-SpaceX communication satellites could be launched into low orbits by 2030.

SpaceX 計劃從現在起每年部署壹千多顆(通信衛星)。但星鏈並不是天空中唯壹的巨型衛星群。根據向國際電信聯盟(ITU)和國家監管機構提交的文件,到 2030 年,10 萬顆非 SpaceX 的通信衛星將有可能被發射到近地軌道上。

They will transform the practice of amateur and professional astronomy.

它們將改變業余天文學和專業天文學的實際觀測。

A study by the ESO shows that at Paranal, a site in Chile which is home to Very Large Telescope (VLT), there might typically be over 500 satellites visible in the sky at the beginning of the night. In long astronomical exposures, as pictured above, the paths of such satellites streak the sky like the bars of a jail cell.

歐洲南方天文臺的壹項研究表明,在智利的帕拉納爾——甚大望遠鏡(VLT)的所在地——當夜幕降臨時,天空中通常能看見 500 多顆衛星。在長時間的天文曝光中,正如上圖所示,這些衛星在天空中劃過的軌跡就像牢房的欄桿。

To see a satellite can be a thrilling thing. But the more routine the sight gets, the less likely it will be to elicit a frisson of the technological sublime. Eventually, it will become just another of the mundane ways in which the world obscures its wonder.

看到衛星也許是壹件激動人心的事情。但是,這種景象越是平常,就越難以引起技術崇高(感)。最終,它將淪為世界掩蓋其奇跡的又壹種平凡方式。

主編:Luni、樂樂、Abby

品控:XP

審核:Lucky

重點詞匯

constellation

/?kɑ? n.st?le?.?n/

n. 星座,星群

詞根詞綴:con-(together 壹起)

詞根詞綴:stella(星星)

搭配短語:Orion constellation

astronomer

/?strɑ?.n?.m?/

n. 天文學家

詞根詞綴:astro-(和星星、天空、天文有關)

派生詞:astronaut; astronomy

orbit

/r.b?t/

n. (天體圍繞行星或恒星運行的)軌道

例句:to put a satellite into an orbit

詞性拓展:orbit(v.)

例句:orbit a satellite

文化補充:a low orbit around the Earth “近地軌道”,壹般高度在距離地面 2000 公裏以下。大多數的對地觀測衛星、空間站都會采用近地軌道。

sunlit

/?s?n.l?t/

adj. 陽光照耀的,陽光明媚的

相關詞匯:lit(light 過去式、過去分詞)(v. 點亮、照耀)

例句:A giant moon lit the road.

英文釋義:be lit by the sunlight

搭配短語:the sunlit sky; a sunlit livingroom

portent

/?p?rtent/

n. 預兆;征兆

例句:The crow is a portent of death.

doom

/du?m/

n. 厄運

詞性拓展:doom (v.)

搭配短語:be doomed to sth.; be doomed to do sth.

例句:The plan is doomed to failure.

搭配短語:doom and gloom

例句:The internet is full of doom and gloom these days.

put up

建造,設置,部署;抵抗;留宿

搭配短語:to put up a fight(奮起反抗)

搭配短語:to put up in a hotel(在旅館住壹晚)

regulatory

/?reɡ.j?.l?.t?r.i/

adj. 監管的;管理的;控制的

相關詞匯:regular(adj. 規律的、規則的)

相關詞匯:regulate(v. 通過規則來管理)

例句:Companies are regulated by law.

body

/?bɑ?.di/

n. 身體;機構

practice

/?pr?k.t?s/

n. 實施,實踐

搭配短語:the practice of teaching

streak

/stri?k/

v. 在(什麽地方)留下條紋

詞性拓展:streak (n.)

例句:She has blonde streaks in her hair.

thrilling

/?θr?l.?/

adj. 扣人心弦的,激動人心的

相關詞匯:thrill(v. 讓…興奮;n. 興奮、激動)

例句:The athletes really thrilled the world.

例句:The athletes gave the world a real thrill.

elicit

/i?l?s.?t/

v. 引誘,引起

例句:The campaign elicited a positive response.

frisson

/?fri?so?n/

n. 強烈興奮感

近義詞:thrill

搭配短語:a frisson of excitement; a frission of fear

sublime

/s?bla?m/

n. 壯麗得令人敬畏的事物

詞根詞綴:sub-(高達…)

詞性拓展:sublime (adj.)

例句:the sublime beauty of nature 大自然的壯麗美景。

文化拓展:the Sublime 崇高,是壹個西方美學中非常重要的概念。簡而言之,就是人面對超越自身認知的事物時,會產生敬畏之心。

mundane

/m?n?de?n/

adj. (因為發生次數過多)而顯得非常世俗又單調的

英文釋義:very ordinary and not interesting, especially because of happening too regularly

例句:The work is pretty mundane.

obscure

/?b?skj?r/

v. 遮蔽,掩蓋

例句:The sun was obscured by clouds.