cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----put
let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit
shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 讀音 /e/
lie---lied---lied 說謊 lay---laid---laid 放置,下蛋
lay--- lain 躺下,位於,平放
eg. The hens don’t _______eggs during such cold weather.
She _____ her books on the table. ____
B. 過去式與過去分詞完全相同
1. 過去式和過去分詞中含有ought, aught, 讀音是〔 :t〕
bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----bought
catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught
2. 動詞原形中的e為o,變成過去式和過去分詞。
get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told
3. 動詞原形中i為a, … sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat
4. 動詞原形中i為o, … win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined
5. 動詞原形中an為oo, … stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood
6. 動詞原形中的ay為ai,… say----said----said pay----paid----paid
7. a)動詞原形中的d為t,… send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent
spend----spent----spent build----built----built
b ) 動詞原形最後壹個字母改為t , … smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost
c ) 動詞原形後加壹個字母t, … learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant 讀音/e/
d ) 動詞原形中的ee去掉壹個字母e, 然後在詞尾加t. 字母e發音/e/
feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept sweep---swept----swept
keep---- kept----- kept
其它meet----met----met have----had----had hold----held----held
make----made----made dig----dug----dug hear----heard----heard
find----found----found hang----hung ----hung
C.原型與過去分詞相同
come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become
D. 原形,過去式, 和 過去分詞完全不同
1. 把動詞原形中i改為a變成過去式,改成u變成過去分詞.
begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung
2. 把動詞原形中o改為e變成過去式,在原形詞尾加n變成過去分詞.
blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---known
throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown ( 和以上相似)
3. 以下動詞的過去分詞都以en結尾,故把它們分為壹類.
a ) 把動詞原形中i改為o變成過去式,在詞尾加n變成過去分詞.
drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen write---wrote---written (雙寫t )
ride----rode----ridden (雙寫d )
b ) 把動詞原形中ea改為o, 在詞尾加e變成過去式,在過去式後加n變成過去分詞.
speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken
c ) 把動詞原形中的個別字母或字母組合改為o變成過去式, 在過去式後加n變成過去分詞.
wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen
choose----chose----chosen forget----forgot----forgotten (雙寫t,加en )
d) 其它過去分詞以en結尾的動詞
eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten fall----fell----fallen
give----gave----given see----saw----seen take----took----taken
mistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden (雙寫d )
E. 沒有過去分詞的動詞
can ----- could - may---- might - shall---- should- will ---- would -
其它
am, is ---- was----- been are-----were----- been do-----did----- done
draw-----drew----- drawn/ :/ go-----went----- gone show----showed----shown
wear--- wore ---- worn
不規則動詞的過去式 (初二)
不規則動詞的過去式是同學們學習的重點,也是壹個難點。同學們應通過不規則動詞的動詞原形和它們的過去式找出其變化規律,總結如下:
1. 把動詞原形中的o改為a,變成過去式。過去分詞不變.如:
become—became, come—came
2.把動詞原形中的i改為a,變成過去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam ,sink—sank,
3.把重讀開音節中的i改為o,變成過去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,shine—shone,win—won,write—wrote
4.動詞原形中的e改為o,變成過去式。如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.動詞原形中的eep改為ept,變成過去式。如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
6. 動詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過去式。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
7.改動詞原形中的aw /ow為ew,變成過去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(動詞show除外,show—showed)
8.動詞原形中的eak改為oke,變成過去式。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
9.動詞原形中的ell改為old,變成過去式。如:
sell—sold,tell—told
10.以ought和aught結尾,且讀音是〔 :t〕的過去式。如:
bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould結尾且讀音為〔ud〕的情態動詞過去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.在動詞原形後加d或t變成過去式,並且發生音變。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,
mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕, dream—dreamt 〔dremt〕
13.動詞的過去式與動詞原形壹樣。如:
cut—cut, hit—hit, hurt—hurt, let—let,must—must,
put—put,read—read〔red〕,set—set
14. 動詞的過去式有兩種形式。如:
dream—dreamed/ dreamt learn—learnt/ learned shine—shone/ shined
smell—smelt/ smelled wake—woke/ waked
15.不符合上述規律的動詞過去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,
feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hide—hid,
hold—held,lay—laid,leave—left,lie—lay,lose—lost,make—made,may—
might,run—ran,see—saw, smell—smelt,take—took,wake—woke,
wear—wore