few / a few用來修飾可數名詞,few表示否定意義,沒有,幾乎沒有;
a few表示有肯定意思, 有幾個。 例如:
He has few friends here, he feels lonely.
他這裏沒朋友,他感覺寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket.籃子裏有幾個雞蛋。
little / a little用來修飾不可數名詞,little表示否定意思,沒有,幾乎沒有。
a little 表示肯定意思,有壹點兒。 例如:
There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?
我的瓶子裏沒有墨水了,妳能給我點兒墨水嗎?
[考考妳]
1. My father has many books, but he has_____ English books.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few Answer
2. The twins can speak only ___ French.
A. a few B. few C. little D. a little Answer
[辯析]
1. few 與 little 作形容詞用,都表示“幾乎沒有”,相當於壹個否定詞。具體區別:
(1) few 後面跟復數可數名詞。 e.g. few books few students
(2) little 後面跟單數不可數名詞。 e.g. little water little food
e.g. He has few friends. 他沒有幾個朋友。
They has little money. 他們沒有什麼錢
2. a few 與 a little 都表示肯定的意思,指“有壹點,有壹些”。具體區別:
(1) a few 後加可數名詞復數
(2)a little 後加不可數名詞單數。
e.g. I'm going to buy a few bananas.
I can speak only a little Chinese.
3. a little 與 little 也可以用作副詞, 表示“有點”“稍稍” 表示“很少”
e.g. ----Can you speak English?
----Yes, but only a little.
This book is a little more difficult than that one.
( 可修飾形容詞比較級)
She slept little last night. 昨天晚上,她沒有怎麽睡覺。
for example,such as和like都可用來舉例,但用法有所不同。
for example作“例如”講時,壹般只以同類事物或人中的“壹個”為例,作插入語,用逗號隔開,可置於句首、句中或句末。
For example,air is invisible. 例如,空氣是看不見的。
He,for example,is a good student. 例如,他就是個好學生。
such as也作為“例如”講,用來列舉同類人或事物中的幾個例子。
Some of the European languages come from Latin,such as French,Italian and Spanish.
有些歐洲語言來源於拉丁語,例如,法語、意大利語和西班牙語。
Boys such as John and James are very friendly.像約翰和詹姆斯這樣的男孩都很友好。
like也常用來表示舉例,可與such as互換。但such as用於舉例可以分開使用,此時不可與like互換。
Some warm-blooded animals,like/such as the cat,the dog or the wolf,do not need to hibernate. 壹些溫血動物,像貓、狗和狼都不需要冬眠。
He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks.
他有幾本像字典、手冊之類的參考書。
註 意 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
使用such as來舉例子,只能舉出其中的壹部分,壹般不能全部舉出。若全部舉出,要改用namely(意為“即”)。
He knows four languages,namely Chinese,English,Russian and French.
他精通四門語言,即漢語、英語、俄語和法語。
自我測試 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
根據句意,用for example,such as或like填空。
1.Noise, ,is a kind of pollution.
2.I like drinks tea and soda.
3. ,my full name is James Allen Green. Green is my family name.
4.You can buy fruit here—oranges and bananas, .
5.There are several people interested, Mr Jones and Mr Simpson.
答 案:1.for example 2.like/such as 3.For example 4.for example 5.like