1. 否定句型
1) 壹般否定句
I don't know this. No news is good news.
There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house.
2)特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him.
I am sorry for not coming on time.
I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
3)部分否定
All the answers are not right//All is not gold that glitters
I don't know all of them.//I can't see everybody/everything.
Both of them are not right.
4)全體否定
None of my friends smoke.//I can see nothing/nobody.
Neither of them is right.//Nothing can be so simple as this.
5) 延續否定
You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
You don't know, I don't know either.
He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用說) French.
6) 半否定句
We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
I know little English. I saw few people.
7) 雙重否定
You can't make something out of nothing.//What's done cannot be undone.
There is no sweet without sweat.//No gain without pains.
I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
No man is so old but (that) he can learn.
8)排除否定
Everyone is ready except you.//He did nothing but play.
But for your help, I couldn't do it.
9)加強否定
I won't do it at all.//I can't see it any more.//He is no longer a boy.
2. 判斷句型
1) 壹般判斷句
It is important for us to learn English.
It is kind of you to help me sincere means honest.
The boy is called/named Tom.
We regarded/consider it as an honor.
2)強調判斷
It is English that we should learn.//It is he who helped me a lot.
3)弱式判斷
Your sentence doesn't sound/look/appear/feel right.
You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before.
Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill.
He is probably ill.//He is likely ill. //It is possible that he is late
4) 註釋判斷
He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary.(活字典)
5) 正反判斷
That sounds all right, but in fact it is not.
6) 比較判斷
It is more a picture than a poem.
7) 互斥判斷
He or you are wrong. Either he is right or I am.
3. 祝願祁使句式
1) 壹般句式
Study hard and keep fit. Be brave! Don't be shy! Get out of here.
2)強語式
Do tell me. Never tell a lie.
3) 委婉祈使句
Please tell me the true. Would/Will/Won't do me a favor?
Would/Do you mind my smoking? What/How/ about going on foot?
4)建議祈使句
Let us go. Let us know the time. Don't let the fire out.
Let's not waste the time. You'd better start early.
Shall we listen to some music? Why don't you get something to drink?
Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six?
I suggest we (should) take the train.
5)祝願句
Success to you! //Wish you a good journey.
May you have a happy marriage. //Here's to your success!
Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship!
4. 感嘆句型
How well he speaks! //How kind she is! //What a nice weather it is!
Here he comes! //Such is life! //Wonderful! // Help!
5. 疑問句型
1) 壹般疑問句
Is he a doctor?//Do you the way to the station?
2)反意疑問句
He is a teacher, isn't he?//It is quite cheap, don't you think?
3) 特殊疑問句
What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare?
Who is he? What is he?(幹什麽的)//What is he like? // How is he?
How do you like him? //What do you think of him?
What ever do you mean by saying this?
4)選擇疑問句
He is a doctor or a nurse?
5)間接疑問句
Do you know how old he is? //Tell me if (whether) you like it.
What do you think/say/suppose I should do?
6. 數詞句型
1) 表數目
It is exactly ten o'clock.//It is five miles away from here.
He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20.
He is under/at most/no more than 20.
2)表年月日
He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1.
3)表年齡
He is 20 years old/years of age.//He is at the age of 10.
4)表倍數
It is four times that of last years.
This is four times as big (again) as that one.
This is four times bigger than that one.
The income is double what it was.
The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998.
5)表計量
It is 10 meters long/wide/high.//It costs me 100 yuan.
I spent 10 hours to finish it.//It took me 10 days to finish it.
It is worth 100 yuan.
7. 關聯指代句型
1)兩項關連
I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English.
I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English.
To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another.
One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend.
Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball.
2)先後順序
First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck in everything.
First stop, then look, finally cross.
At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent.
3)修飾限制
This is the same book as I lost yesterday.
This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同壹本書)
Don't trust such a man as over praise you.
He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear.
A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much.
The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world.
4) 兩項連接
He can speak not only English but also French.
The book is both interesting and instructive.
It is neither cold nor hot.
Please either come in or go out.
The old worker has experience and knowledge as well.
5)加和關系
Besides literature, we have grammar and writing.
Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air.
In addition to "if", there is many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses.
I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book.
You seem to like tea, so do I.
8. 比較句型
1)等比句
He is as tall as I. // He is the same height as I.
She is no less diligent than he. The lab is no better than a cottage.
2) 差比句
I speak English worse than he does.//He is not so/as tall as I am.
Our knowledge is much inferior to their.
3) 極比句
He is the tallest of all in the class.
None/No one/ is so blind as those that won't see.
Nothing is so easy as this.
4)比例句
The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance(無知).
5) 擇比句
He is taller than any other boy in the class
It is better late than never.//They would die than live as slaves
He prefers doing to talking//He prefers to do rather than to talk.
He prefers mathematics to English.//I'd rather stay here.
6)對比句
You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy.
They are working hard while you are wasting your time.
9. 比喻句型
We must work like him.//He behaves as his father does.
He speaks English as if/though he was a foreigner.
10. 條件假設句
1) 壹般事實
If we succeed, what will the people say?
Suppose it rains, what shall we do?
Persevere(堅持) and you'll succeed.
2)虛擬條件句
If I were you, I would go.//If you had seen it, you would have been moved.
3)反條件句
Unless you try, you'll never succeed.//Don't move, or/else/otherwise I'll shot.
4)唯壹條件句
If only I have another chance, I shall do better.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
So/As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed.
5)推論條件句
Since that is so, there is no more to say.
Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior.
11. 時間句型
1)壹般時
When I see him, I'll tell him.
2) 表同時
You'll grow wiser as you grow older.
Work while you work, play while you play.
He worked, at the same/in the meantime he listened to the music.
3)限制時
Every/each time when I went to his house, he was out.
By the time that we got there, he was out.
4)交替時
Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances.
At one time the baby cries, at another it talks.
5)先時
I stopped hem before he began to talk with me.
6)後時
I'll tell you after I finish it.
7)緊接時
As soon as I see him, I'll tell him.
Once you begin, you must continue.
The (very) moment/instant (that) I saw him, I recognized him.
On hearing the news, she bust into tears.
Hardly had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering.
8)延續時
I haven't seen him since I came here.
A friend is never know till/until a man have need.
12. 地點句型
1) 壹般地點
Where have you been?
Where there is a will, there is a way.
2)方位
Hebei lies in the east of China.
Japan is lies to the east of China.
The house faces (to) the south.
He is sitting at the front of the classroom
He is standing in front of/before me.
He is sitting at the back of/behind me.
He is sitting in the back of/at the rear of the classroom.
He is sitting next to/besides me.
He is sitting close to/near me.
At the top of/On top of the shelf, there are some books.
He is sitting on the left/right.
The mountain you see to the right is the Purple Mountain.
13. 原因句型
He didn't go to school because he was ill.
Since we are all here, let's begin our meeting.
It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet.
Now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home.
I am glad to meet you.
I am sorry that I hear that.
Thank you for your help.
That is why he failed to come.
He didn't come because of/on account of the weather.
He went out of curiosity.
I succeeded thanks to his help.
This failure is due to the fact they lack experience.
Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled.
What are studying English for?
For what reason did you choose this?
What's the point of asking his to do that?
How come you never told me about it?
What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled.
14. 目的句型
He stopped aside so that she could go in.
He sits in the front in order that he can see words clearly.
He gets up early so as to/in order to have time to do exercises.
He repeated it for fear that there should be any mistake.
15. 結果句型
It was very cold, so that the river froze.
They cost a lot of money, so/therefore we use them carefully.
He is such a good man that every one likes him.
He ran so fast that no one could catch him.
He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.
I was caught in the rain. As a result, I had a bad cold.
16. 程度句型
How often do you write to your parents?
How long do you stay at home?
It is so beautiful that we all love it.
It is too big for you.
He is too excited to speak.
He is not old enough to know this.
The letter must be sent as soon as possible
You must work as hard as you can.
As far as I know, I can speak only English.
17. 讓步句型
Though/Although he is rich, (yet/still) he doesn't show off.
Yang as he is, he know a lot of things.
Even if/though he succeeded, he was not proud.
No matter what you say, I'll still try to do it.
Keep calm, whatever happens.
In spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans.
Regardless of all the difficulties, we'll fight it out to the end.
18. 轉折句型
I searched everywhere but could not find him.
You may go, only return quickly.
He is seriously ill, still there is hope of his recovery.
It looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon.
He is still young, yet he is high up in the position.
He didn't tell me the truth, I know it, though.
19. 省略句
I think/say/suppose/expect/believe/hope so.
Why not come earlier next time?
物理筆記
1．聲音的發生和傳播
發生體在振動——實驗；聲音靠介質傳播——介質：壹切固液氣；真空不能傳聲
聲速——空氣中聲速（約340m/s）；壹般的，固體中速度>液體中速度>氣體中速度；聲音速度隨溫度上升而上升
回聲——回聲所需時間和距離；應用
計算——和行程問題結合
2．音調、響度和音色
客觀量——頻率（註意人聽力範圍和發聲範圍）、振幅
主觀量——音調、響度（高低大小的含義）；影響響度的因素：振幅、距離、分散程度
音色——作用；音色由發聲體本身決定
3．噪聲的危害和控制
噪聲——物理和生活中的噪聲（物理-不規則振動，生活-影響工作、學習、休息的聲音）；噪聲等級：分貝（0dB-剛引起聽覺）；減小噪聲方法（聲源處、傳播過程中、人耳處）；四大汙染（空氣汙染、水汙染、固體廢物汙染、噪聲汙染）
1．光源——火把、蠟燭、電燈、恒星（月亮和行星不是光源）
2．光的直線傳播
光的直線傳播——條件（均壹）；可在真空中傳播；現象（激光準直、影子、小孔成像P78及大樹下的光斑、日食、月食）；真空中的光速(3×10[sup]8[/sup]m/s)，光年是長度單位
3．光的反射
反射定律——三線***面；分居兩側；角相等；光路可逆（註意敘述順序要符合因果關系）
鏡面反射和漫反射——每壹條光線都符合反射定律（現象解釋：拋光的金屬表面、平靜的水面、冰面、玻璃面可看作鏡面；其他看作粗糙面，P79圖5-40；應根據現象回答）
4．平面鏡
平面鏡成像——規律（等距、等大、正立、虛像）；能看見（看不見）像的範圍；潛望鏡
5．作圖——按有關定律做圖
1．光的折射
折射——定義（……方向壹般發生變化）；折射規律（三線***面、兩側、角不等；光路可逆；註意敘述順序要符合因果關系）；現象解釋（水中的魚變淺、水中筷子彎曲、海市蜃樓等）
2．光的傳播綜合問題
註意區分折射和反射光線；註意區分不同的影子和像
3．透鏡
透鏡中的名詞——主光軸、光心、焦距、焦點（測量焦距的方法）
凸透鏡、凹透鏡對光線的作用——“會聚光線”和“使光線會聚”的區別：“會聚光線”是能聚於壹點的光線，“使光線會聚”是光線經過凸透鏡後比原來接近主光軸）
透鏡的原理——多個三棱鏡組合；光線在透鏡的兩個表面發生折射
變化了的凸透鏡——玻璃球、盛水的圓藥瓶、玻璃板上的水滴等
黑盒問題
4．凸透鏡成像
三條特殊光線（過光心－方向不變；平行於主光軸－過光心；過光心的光線－平行於主光軸）；像距／像的大小／虛實／正倒和物距的關系；像移動的快慢（依據：光路圖）；實際應用
1．溫度計
溫度計——常見溫度計的測溫物質、原理、量程（體溫計：35~42℃；寒暑表：-20~50℃）
使用方法——體溫計構造及使用（縮口部分；甩體溫計的作用、原理；不甩的後果-只影響測低溫）、溫度計的使用（註意量程的選擇）；校正溫度計；讀數（壹般地，讀數時不能離開物體）
溫標——攝氏溫標、熱力學溫標及換算；絕對零度；常見溫度
2．物態變化
熔化和凝固——實驗裝置（水浴加熱）；常見晶體、非晶體；熔點、凝固點；圖象
汽化——蒸發；影響蒸發快慢的因素；沸騰實驗裝置；蒸發和沸騰的聯系、區別（都是汽化；劇烈程度、發生條件等）；酒精燈的使用（可參照化學相關內容）
液化——兩種途徑（降溫壹定可使氣體液化；壓縮可能使氣體液化）
升華和凝華——實例
3．物態變化中的熱量傳遞
吸熱——固→液→氣（即使溫度不變也有熱量的傳遞）；放熱——氣→液→固
4．其他
現象解釋——例：P3圖0-3、紙鍋燒水、“白氣”和玻璃上的水珠（液化）、霜、露、晾衣服（蒸發和升華）、樟腦等；電冰箱原理；物態變化中的熱量計算；註意名詞的寫法（汽、氣；溶、融、熔；化、華；凝）以及字母（t和T；℃和K）
第四章 電路
1．摩擦起電 兩種電荷
靜電——電荷種類的判斷；驗電器結構（P45圖）；電量（單位：庫侖C）
物質微觀結構——原子結構（可與化學中原子概念對照）；摩擦起電原因（核外電子的轉移）
2．電路相應概念
電流（及方向：正電荷移動方向）；電源；導體、絕緣體；串聯、並聯；電路中的自由電荷及運動方向；電路圖；通路、斷路及短路；常見電路（樓道電路；電冰箱電路：第壹冊P60圖4-18）
等效電路的判斷——先去除電流表／電壓表（電流表：短路；電壓表：斷路）再做判斷
1．各個物理量（I、U、R、P）的定義、單位（單位符號）及含義、換算
電流表、電壓表的使用方法（量程及量程的選擇、串並聯、正負極、能否直接接電源兩端）及其構造
2．電阻的測量（基本方法及變化）；影響電阻的因素；滑動變阻器的構造及使用（P94圖7-7）；變阻箱的使用及讀數（P95圖7-9、7-10；電位器）；滑動變阻器的變形（如P101圖7-19）
3．歐姆定律及變形（註意物理意義）
4．串並聯電流、電壓、電阻公式（註意條件。如串聯時功率和電阻成正比，並聯時成反比；焦耳定律求功率只適用於純電阻電路，求熱量時適用於壹切電路）
常用結論（各比例式；當滑動變阻器的阻值變化時，電路中各物理量的變化情況-註意推導順序）
5．電功——W=UIt=UQ；電能表及利用電能表測功率（P130）；
電器銘牌；電冰箱工作時間系數（P130）
6．電學計算——①畫等效電路圖（幾個狀態畫幾個圖）；②按串聯、並聯找等量關系和比例關系；③求解（註意電流、電壓、電功率均應取同壹狀態下的值
我就只記了這麽多 妳知道能不能幫到妳