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英語介詞的用法

⑴ 時間或地點介詞in、on、at的用法區別:表示時間時, in表示在壹段時間裏(在將來時句子中則表示在壹段時間之後), on表示在具體的某壹天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某個時刻或者瞬間;表示地點時, in表示在某個範圍之內, on表示在某個平面上或與壹個面相接觸,at則表示在某個具體的場所或地點。如:He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生於五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七點鐘起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼鏡就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在電影院)

⑵ after與in表示時間的用法區別:“after+(具體時刻/從句)”表示“在…時刻之後”常用於壹般時態;“in+(壹段時間)”表示“在(多久) 之後”,常用於將來時態。如:He said that he would be here after 6:00.(他說他六點鐘之後會來這兒)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父親大約壹個月以後從英國回來)

⑶ since與for表示時間的用法區別:“since+(具體時刻/that-從句)”表示“自從…起壹直到現在”,“for +(壹段斶間)”表示“總***有…之久”,都常用於完成時態;如:Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自從1970年起就在這家工廠工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在這家工廠已經工作了30多年)

⑷ by、in與with表示方式的用法區別:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個交通工具或“以……方式”,在被動句中可以表示動作的執行者;in表示“使用”某種語言/文字,with表示“使用”某個具體的工具、手段。如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(請妳用英語寫那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我們打的去動物園吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍寫的)

⑸ about與on的用法區別:都可以表示“有關…”,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示“有關…(專題/課程)”。如:Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(湯姆要作壹個美國歷史的報告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他們興致勃勃地談論著即將來到的野外旅遊)

⑹ through與across、over的用法區別: through指“穿過…(門洞/人群/樹林)”; across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互換,但是表示“翻過…”時只能用over. 如:Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那時壹只老鼠跑過路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座橋)/ They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他們翻過大山提前到達了那裏)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(參觀者們穿過壹個大門來到另壹個公園)

(7)as與like的區別:兩個詞都表示“像……”,但是as譯為“作為……”,表示的是職業、職務、作用等事實,而like譯為“像……壹樣”,表示外表,不是事實。如:Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父親的身份和妳講話。)(說話者是聽者的父親) / Let me speak to you like a father.(讓我像壹位父親壹樣和妳講話)(說話者不是聽者的父親)

(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法區別:at the end of…既可以表示時間也可以表示地點,譯為“在…末;在…盡頭”,常與過去時連用;by the end of…只能表示時間,譯為“在…前;到…為止”,常用於過去完成時; in the end與at last基本等義,表示“終於、最後”,通常用於過去時;to the end譯為“到…的終點為止”,前面往往有表示運動或連續性的動詞。如:By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上學期期末我們已經學習了第三冊16個單元)/ At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的盡頭妳能找到壹幢有棕色窗戶的白房子)/ They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他們動身去了北京)/ In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最終在期末考試中考及格了)/ We should go on with the work to the end.(我們應該把工作幹到底)/ Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿這條路走到底就能看見壹家郵電局)

(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的區別:for a moment“壹會兒、片刻”(=for a while),常與持續性動詞連用;for the moment“暫時、目前”,常用於現在時;in a moment“壹會兒、立即、馬上”(=soon; in a few minutes),壹般用於將來時;at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用於現在進行時。如:Please wait for a moment.(請稍等)/ Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暫時就維持現狀吧!) / I’ll come back in a moment.(我過會兒回來)/ I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)

(10)but的問題:用介詞but引出另壹個動詞時,要註意:如果前面有do,後面就用原形動詞,前面沒有do時,後面的動詞要加to。如:I could do nothing but wait.(我什麽也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(選擇) but to fight.(他們沒有選擇只有戰鬥)

(11)in front of 與in the front of: in front of“在…的前面”, 與in the front of“在…的前部”。如:A car was parking in front of the hall.(大廳跟前停著壹輛汽車)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大廳前部立著壹個大講臺)

(12)except (for)與besides的區別:except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”則表示包含,即“不僅……又……”。如:Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宮博物院)(Tom沒有去故宮)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了漢語之外,他還學其他許多功課)(“漢語”也是他學的功課之壹)

other than 除了......之外...... There 're nobody here other than me 與.....不同..... 與.....不同方式.....we can't get there other than by swimming.

Apart from : with the exception of ...; besides... Apart form a few scratches, the car was undamaged.