★★★句法中的3大句子結構
根據英語句子的結構來劃分的，英語句子可以分為以下三大類
① 簡單句：7種萬能句型結構
1 They came 他們來了
2 Mary arrived yesterday.瑪麗昨天到的.
3 She sleeps for two hours every day.她每天睡兩小時.
4 Tom likes English .湯姆喜歡英語
5 They are playing baseball 他們正在打棒球
6 They saw a snake yesterday. 他們昨天看見壹條蛇
5Mary is my best friend. 瑪麗是我最好的朋友
6Her brother and sister are both English teachers.
她的哥哥和妹妹兩個都是英語老師.
7They are all doctors. 他們都是醫生.
8He told us an interesting story.他告訴我們壹個有趣故事.
9Jack gave me a book yesterday.傑克昨天給了我壹本書.
10My mother bought me a pair of shoes yesterday.
我媽媽昨天買給我壹雙鞋子.
11Mary told me her telephone number yesterday.
瑪麗昨天告訴我她的電話號碼
12All of us called Li Lei’s little sister a lovely princess
我們所有人都叫李磊小女兒為可愛公主.
13He wants me to help him.他想我幫助他.
14We call the boy Tom.我們叫這個男孩湯姆.
簡單句定義：只有1個主語（並列主語）+1個謂語（並列為謂語）構成的句子稱為簡單句
句子的類型（Types of Sentences）
簡單句的句子的類型：
壹 主語+謂語 結構（謂語為不及物動詞S + Vi 結構 ）
結構： Subject（主語） + Intransitive Verb（不及物動詞）
這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，所謂不及物動詞，就是這種動詞後不可以直接接賓語。常見的動詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：
1主語+不及物動詞1The sun rises in the east （名詞）
2The sun is rising.太陽正在升起
3It’s snowing.天正在下雪.4Can you read?妳會讀書嗎？
5The engine broke down.引擎壞了。
6The bomb blew up.這個炸彈爆炸了。
7How did the accident come about?這個事故怎麽發生的？
8Everybody smiled.每個人都微笑了。
9He smiled a strange smile.同源賓語
他露出壹個奇怪的微笑。
10She often dreams.她經常做夢
11She dreamed a beautiful dream. 同源賓語
她做了壹個美夢.
12He died 他死了
13He died a glorious death.他死的光榮
14Time flies. 時光飛逝.
15Birds fly. 鳥飛。
16She came (她來了) 。
17Class begins 開始上課。
18They disappeared. 他們消失了。
19The watch has stopped 表定了
20He came and left. 他來了又離開了。
21She cries and laughs 他哭了又笑了
2主語+不及物動詞+狀語
1Mary gets up early every day.瑪麗每天都起床很早.2Did you sleep well?妳睡的好嗎?3She often dreams.她經常做夢.
4She often dreamed a beautiful dream. 同源賓語她經常做了壹個美夢.
5You go first and I will follow behind.妳先走，我跟在妳後面.
6Is the book selling well?這本書賣的好嗎？
7Birds sing beautifully.鳥兒美妙地唱歌。
8We study in No.1 Middle School.我們在第壹中學學習.
9He sleeps for two hours every day 他每天睡兩小時.
10We study hard.我們努力學習
11The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發生的。
12We have lived in the city for ten years.我們在這座城市生活了10年了
13He stopped to have a rest .他停下來休息
14She often comes here to help us.她經常來這裏幫助我們。
二 主語+謂語 +賓語 結構（謂語為及物動詞 S+V+O 結構）
結構： Subject（主語） +Transitive Verb（及物動詞） +Object（賓語）
這種句型中的動詞壹般為及物動詞, 所謂及物動詞，就是這種動詞後可以直接接賓語，其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當.特別註意：英語中的許多動詞既是及物動詞，又是不及物動詞。
1主語+及物動詞+名詞(代詞)/數詞1Do you know these people?妳認識這些人？
2He loved ice-cream.他喜歡冰淇淋
3What did he say? 他說了什麽？
4He found his bag. 他找到了他的包。
5We study English every day. 我們每天學習英語。
6He knows everything.他知道壹切事情.
7She likes English. 他喜歡英語
8She wants an apple.她想要壹個蘋果
9I bought a dictionary yesterday.我昨天買了壹本字典。
10He can speak English.他會說英文
11We finished the work.我們完成了這項工作.
12She is playing the piano now.她現在正在彈奏鋼琴。
13He often helps me.他經常幫助我。
14We should help each other. 我們應該互相幫助。
15He is playing football happily.他正在開心地踢足球.
16He handed in his homework this morning.他今天早上上交了他的家庭作業。
17She is looking for her pen.她正在尋找她的鋼筆。
18We need two. 我們需要兩個
19He hates you. （代詞）他恨妳
20I like China. （名詞） 我喜歡中國
2主語+及物動詞+反身代詞1Now I will introduce myself.現在我將介紹我自己
2They blamed themselves for the accident.他們就這場事故責備自己。
3I enjoyed myself last night.昨天晚上我玩的很開心.
4We seated ourselves 我們讓我們自己坐下.
5He devoted himself to the cause of medicine.他獻身於醫學事業.
6The boy can’t dress himself.這男孩不會給他自己穿衣服
3主語+及物動詞+同源賓語1Everybody smiled.每個人都微笑了。
2He smiled a strange smile.同源賓語他露出壹個奇怪的微笑。
3She often dreams.她經常做夢
4She dreamed a beautiful dream. 同源賓語
5He died 他死了.
6He died a glorious death.他死的光榮
7They live a happy life.他們過著幸福的生活
4主語+及物動詞+不定式(做賓語)常用於這句型的動詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
1She wants to be a teacher.他想成為壹名老師.
2He decided to buy a new car .他決定買壹輛新車.
3Tom hoped to be an actor in the future.湯姆希望將來成為壹名演員
4Mike wish to go to America for his summer vacation.麥克希望去美國度暑假.
5We planned to stay for an hour.我們計劃停留壹小時.
6She refused to answer our questions.她拒絕回答我們的問題
7She offered to take me to the National Stadium.她主動提出帶我去國家體育館.
8We should learn to drive a car .我們應該學會開車.
9We should try to learn English well.我們應該努力地學好英文.
10He pretended to be asleep.他假裝睡著了.
11He promised to help me with my English.他答應幫助學習英語.
12We can’t afford to pay such a price.我們不能支付起這樣壹個價格。
13You must try to improve your English.妳們必須提高妳們英語水平。
14We need to learn English well.我們需要學好英語。
15I started to talk with other students.我開始和別人談話.
16They want to see her very badly.他們非常想看見她.
17He forgot which way to go.他忘記了該走哪條路了
18I don’t know what to do .我不知道該做什麽.
19She doesn’t know how to do it.她不知道如何做這件事情。
常用於這句型的動詞有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
5主語+及物動詞+動名詞(做賓語)1He likes dancing. （代詞）
2Would you mind waiting for a few minutes?妳介意等幾分鐘嗎？
3I prefer standing.我更喜歡站著。
4I propose resting for half an hour我提議休息半小時。
5I enjoy wathching English films.我喜歡看英語電影.
6She finished doing her homework. 她做完了她的家庭作業.
7She minds smoking in the room.她介意在房間裏抽煙.
8She practises playing the piano every day.她每天練習彈鋼琴.
9Mary advises going for a walk.瑪麗建議去散步.
10He stopped watching TV .他停止了看電視.
11He suggests doing it in a different way.他建議用不同方法做這件事情.
12Mary considers buying a new house.瑪麗考慮買壹棟新房子.
13I will appreciate hearing from you.收到您的信，我將非常感激.
14Please try not to avoid catching a cold.請盡量避免不要感冒了.
15He has to give up smoking for his health.為了他的健康，他不得不放棄抽煙.
16We should keep improving our English.我們應該保持提高我們英語水平.
17We can imagine living on the moon.我們能想象在月球上生活.
18The little girl dislike speaking in public 這個小女孩不喜歡在公***場合講話.
特別註意①接動詞不定式作賓語和動名詞作賓語意義區別不大動詞
1.0like to do sth 喜歡做某事
1.1like doing sth 喜歡做某事
①I like reading books
②I like to read books
我喜歡看書
2.0love to do sth 愛好做某事
2.1love doing sth愛好做某事
①She loves to listen to music
②She loves listening to music
她喜歡聽音樂.
3.0hate to do sth 憎恨做做事
3.1hate doing sth 討厭做某事
I hate speaking before a big audience
I hate to speak before a big audience
我討厭在很多觀眾前面講話
4.0prefer to do sth 寧可做某事
4.1prefer doing sth 寧願做某事
5.0start to do sth 開始做某事
5.1start doing sth 開始做某事
6.0begin to do sth 開始做某事
6.1begin doing sth 開始做某事
7.0continue to do sth 繼續做某事
7.1continue doing sth 繼續做某事
8.0intend to do sth 打算做某事
8.1intend doing sth打算做某事
8.0can’t bear to do sth 不能忍受做某事
8.1can’t bear doing sth不能忍受做某事
9.0attempt to do sth 試圖做某事
9.1attempt doing sth試圖做某事
10.0cease to do sth 中止做某事
10.1cease doing sth中止做某事
特別備註： 本身為進行時態，或者後面動詞為心理變化意義的動詞是，必須接動詞不定式做賓語
例如: When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.
當我們進來的時候，他們正開始吃晚飯.
After his explanation , I began to understand it .
在他解釋之後，我看是理解這件事了.
After his detailed explanation, I began to realize that I was wrong
在聽了他詳細解釋之後，我開始意識到我錯了
特別註意②接動詞不定式和動名詞意義區別很大動詞歸納
1.0remember doing sth 記得曾經做過某事
1.1remember to do sth 記住要去做某事
①He can remember to post the letters.
他能記住去郵寄這些信件
②He remembered posting the letters
他記得郵寄過這些信件.
2.0forget doing sth 忘記曾經做過某事
2.1forget to do sth 忘記要去做某事
①I forgot telling the thing.
我忘記曾經過告訴過他這件事.
②I forgot to tell him the news
我忘記去告訴他這件事了.
3.0try doing sth 試著做某事
3.1try to do sth 努力/盡力/設法去做某事
① He tries opening the door.
他試著打開這扇門.
②He tried to open the door.
他盡力去打開這扇門.
4.0regret doing sth 後悔曾經做過某事
4.1regret to do sth 遺憾要去做某事
① She regretted doing this thing.
她後悔做了這件事情.
②She regretted to tell me that she could not come tonight
她遺憾地告訴我她今天晚上不能來.
5.0stop doing sth 停止正在做某事
5.1stop to do sth 停止去做某事
① He stopped watching TV .
他停止了看電視.
②He stopped to watch TV.
他停下來去看電視.
6.0go on doing sth 繼續做同壹件事
6.1go on to do sth 繼續做另外壹件事
① Tom goes on doing his homework.
湯姆繼續做他的作業.
②Tom goes on to do his homework after watching TV.
湯姆看完電視後繼續開始做他的家庭作業
7.0mean doing sth 意味著做某事
7.1mean to do sth打算做某事/計劃做某事
① Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
錯過這輛火車意味著妳得再等壹小時。
② I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
我本來打算今天給妳這本書的，可是我忘了。
③ I mean to stay here for a long time我打算在這裏呆很久
④ Revolution means liberationg the productive forces.
革命意味著解放生產力.
8.0can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事/情不自禁做某事
8.1can’t help to do sth不能幫助做某事
①I could not help crying when he heard the news.
他聽到這個消息的情不自禁哭了
②I can not help to solve the problem .
我不能幫助去解決這個問題
6主語+及物動詞+從句 (做賓語)賓語從句
常用於這句型的動詞有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(覺得）, hear（聽說）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（當心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(覺得奇怪）。
1He says that he will go to Beijing tomorrow他說他明天將要去北京
2She thinks that this news is not true 他認為這個消息不是真的.
3Our teacher said that he would go there.我們老師說，他將去那裏.
4Did you write down what she said? 妳記下了她所說的話嗎？
5We need know what others are doing.我們需要知道別人都在做什麽.
6I don’t think (that) he is right.我認為他不是對的
7I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(從句做賓語，即：賓語從句)
8He claimed that he saw the accident.他聲稱他看見了這場事故。9I suggested (that) we (should) leave early.我建議我們應該早點出發/動身/離開。
10Do you see why I did it?妳明白我為什麽做這件事情嗎？
11Can you tell which is your father?妳能告訴到底哪個是妳爸爸？12She asked if she might call and see me.她問她是否可能打電話並看過。
13I’ll do what I can.我將做我所能。
14I don’t remember when that happened.我不能記得那個事情什麽時候發生的