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生物專業術語

我在英國念書 這是第壹個學期 我和同學總結的詞匯 希望有幫助

Carbohydrates:

triose: 三糖

pentose:五碳糖

hexose:六碳糖

glucose:葡萄糖

fructose:果糖

galactose:半乳糖

sucrose:蔗糖

maltose:麥芽糖

lactose:乳糖

cellobiose:纖維二糖

isomer:同素異形體

monosaccharide: 單糖

disaccharide:二糖,雙糖

polysaccharide:多糖

glycosidic bond:糖苷鍵

condensation:脫水縮合

helical:螺旋狀的

amylose:直鏈澱粉

amylopectin:支鏈澱粉

polymer:聚合物 高分子

macro-: 大,巨,巨大

macromolecule:大分子

monomer:單體

aldo-: 醛

aldehyde:醛,乙醛

hydroxyl group:羥基

kato-:酮基,氧代

katone:酮,甲酮

hydrolysis:水解

Benendict’s reagent:班氏試劑

glycogen:糖原

alanine:丙氨酸

glycine:甘氨酸

cysteine:半胱氨酸

Lipids

saturated:飽和的

carboxylic acid:羧酸

hydriphibic:親水的

hydrophobic:親脂的

glycerol:甘油

triglyceride:甘油三脂

phospholipids:磷酸酯

peptide bond:肽鍵

Protein:

disulphide bond:二硫鍵

insulin:胰島素

haemoglobin:血紅蛋白

Protein Synthesis:

DNA polymerase:

redundant:多余的

Membrane

viscous:半流的

prokaryote:原核細胞

eukaryote:真核細胞

integral protein:整合蛋白

peripheral membrane protein:周圍膜蛋白

chole-:膽

cholesterol:膽固醇

glycoprotein:糖蛋白

glycolipid:糖脂

fluid mosaic model:

Cell Structure:

cytoplasm:細胞質的

eukaryotic: 真核的

prokaryotic: 原核的

vacuole: 液泡

endoplasmic reticulum:內置網

Golgi apparatus: 高爾基體

lysosome:溶酶體

microtubule:微管

cilia:纖毛

flagella:鞭毛

mitochondria:線粒體

Mutation:

point mutation:

chromosome mutation:

chromosome translocation:

non-disjunction:

Mitosis:

prophase:前期

metaphase:間期

anaphase:後期

telophase:末期

centromere: 著絲點,著絲粒

chrom-: 顏色 色素

chromatid: 染色單體

chromatin: 染色質

chromosome: 染色體

euchromatin:常染色質

haploid:單倍體

hetero-: 其他的 不同的

heterochromatin: 異染色質

histone:n 組蛋白

nucleosome: 核小體

centriole:中心體

spindle:紡錘體

equator:

duplicated:復制的

radiate:vt 放射 輻射 傳播

cytokinesis:胞質分裂 細胞分裂

asexual: not having sexual organs or not involving sex

embryo: 胚,胚胎 an animal or human that has not yet been born, and has just begun to develop

Meiosis:

gamete: 配子

gameto-: 配子

zygote: 受精卵

sperm:精子

DNA Structure

adenine:A

thymine: T

guanine: G

cytosine: C

triplet:三聯體

inherited:遺傳的

nucleotide:核苷酸

intron:內含子

exon:外顯子

Respiration:

glycolysis: 糖酵解

aerobic: 有氧呼吸

pyruvate:丙酮酸

acetyl CoA:乙酰輔酶

granum:葉綠體基粒

starch grain: 澱粉粒

stroma:基質

thylakoid: 類囊體

intergranal lamella:基粒間片層

citrate:檸檬酸

oxaloacetate:草酰乙酸

crista:脊

concentration gradient: 濃度梯度

cytochrome: 細胞液

impermeable: 不能滲透的

ATP synthase: ATP 合成酶

phosphorylation:

dehydrogenase:

alcoholic fermentation:酒精發酵

lactic fermentation:乳酸發酵

Leaf Structure:

dicotyledonous:雙子葉的

monocotyledonous:單子葉的

cuticle:角質層

epidermis:表皮的

palisade mesophyll:柵欄組織(葉肉)

spongy mesophyll:海綿組織

Xylem vessel:木質部導管

phloem sieve tube:韌皮部篩管

stoma:氣孔

stomatal aperture:

guard cell:保衛細胞

abscisic acid:脫落酸

Transportation:

partially permeable membrane:半透膜

cytosis:細胞攝入

vesicle:小泡,囊泡

vacuole: 液泡

exocytosis:外排

phagocytosis:吞噬

stigma secrete: 柱頭,小梗 分泌

mucus:粘液

Microscope:

resolution:

magnification:

shoot: 新枝

derive: 得自 起源

gradient:n 梯度 傾斜度

unwind:展開 放松

intention: n 意圖 目的

dictate: 指令 指示

compact: 緊湊的

wrap: 圍繞 纏繞

annotate:v 註釋 評註

conversion: n 轉換

ingestion: n攝取

demonstrate:vt 示範 論證 vi 示威

mischievous:有害的 淘氣的

specialized: trained, designed, or developed for a particular purpose, type of work, place etc

identical: exactly the same, or very similar

straightforward: simple and easy to understand

optimise: to improve the way that something is done or used so that it is as effective as possible

trait: a particular quality in someone's character

prevailing: existing or accepted in a particular place or at a particular time

factual: adj. based on facts or relating to facts實際的 事實的

vaccine: 牛痘

syndrome:綜合病癥 n

Illness which consists of a set of physical or mental problems - often used in the name of illnesses

pandemic:a disease that affects people over a very large area or the whole world

heterosexual: adj 異性的 異性愛的

sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex

infest:

obsess:

faint: adj that cannot be clearly seen, heard or smelt