求寫壹英語作文 200多300字就行,內容是寫關於對於金錢的態度,急需在線等!!!
I cannot call riches better than the baggage of virtue.把財富叫做美德的負擔或包袱——我看是再好不過的了。The Roman word is better, impedimenta. For as the baggage is to an army, so is riches to virtue.古羅馬用的impedimenta “輜重”壹詞就更好,因為“輜重”對於軍隊,正如同財富對於美德。It cannot be spared, nor left behind, but it hinders the march;它不能節省,也不能拋棄;但它防礙行軍; yea, and the care of it, sometimes, loses or disturbs the victory: of great riches, there is no real use, except it be in the distribution; the rest is but conceit. 是的,為了照顧輜重,有時會失去或幹擾勝利;至於巨大的財富,它並無真正的用途,除了可以施舍與繼承,就只能供自我陶醉或自欺欺人了。So saith Solomon: “Where much is, there are many to consume it; and what has the owner, but the sight of it with his eyes?” 所以所羅門說:“財富多,消費它的人就多;對於擁有者來說,它只是過眼雲煙。”The personal fruition in any man cannot reach to feel great riches: there is a castody of them; or a power of dole and donative of them; or a fame of them; but no solid use to the owner.任何人的個人享受極其有限,感覺不出與巨額財富有直接關系;他感覺的只是對財富的保管,財富具有的施舍與捐贈能力,財富產生的聲望;但對擁有者來說,這沒有非常實在的用處(或譯“真正的實用價值”)。Do you not see what feigned prices are set upon little stones and rarities? And what works of ostentation are undertaken because there might seem to be some use of great riches? 君不見:小的石頭和稀罕物品竟被虛假地說成價值連城!財富據說有某種用途而因此被炫耀賣弄! But then you will say, they may be of use to buy men out of dangers or troubles.於是,妳們會說:財富可以用來消災解難。 As Solomon says: “Riches are as a strong hold, in the imagination of the rich man." 正如所羅門所說:“在富人的想象裏,財富是手裏緊握不放的東西。”But this is excellently expressed that it is in imagination, and not always in fact.這話說得太妙了:那是在富人的“想象裏”,而不經常在事實上!For certainly great riches have sold more men than they have bought out. 因為人們變賣巨額財富多於買進巨大財產。Seek not proud riches, but such as thou mayest get justly, use soberly, distribute cheerfully, and leave contentedly. 不要追求驕傲自豪的巨額財富,財富要取之有道,用之正當,樂於施舍,離開它也感到滿足,知足常樂。(thou表示單數的“妳”或“您”,而you當時表示多數的“妳們”;但用於“泛指”的情況下,二者已經看不出數的差別,不過thou比you顯得親熱些。另外,用thou時,助動詞或其他動詞要加詞尾,如thou mayest。譯者註)Yet have neither abstract, nor friarly contempt of them. 然而妳們不要抽象地、像修道士那樣藐視財富。But distinguish, as Cicero says well of Rabirius Postumus; in studil rei amplificandae apparebat non avaritiae praedam, sed insrumentum bonitati, quaeri. Hearken also to Solomon, and beware of hasty gathering of riches: qui festinat ad divitias, non erit insons. 而是要區別對待,如西塞羅正確評價拉比立斯·波斯圖穆斯那樣:“他追求財富不是為了滿足貪婪之心,而是為了獲得行善的資本。”(拉丁文)(西塞羅是古羅馬著名的政治家、思想家與史學家,他這裏為同時期的古羅馬著名財政學家的壹樁案情辯護。譯者註)妳再聽聽所羅門的忠告,千萬不要急於積累財富:“妄想壹夜暴富,難免不清不白”。(拉丁文)The poets feign that when Plutus (which is riches) is sent from Jupiter, he limps, and goes slowly; but when he is sent from Pluto, he runs, and is swift of foot. 詩人們杜撰這樣的寓言:當普魯圖斯(他就是財富)從愛神丘比特那裏打發出來時,他壹瘸壹拐,走得很慢;但當他從死神普魯托那裏打發出來時,他跑起來,腳步如飛。Meaning that riches gotten by good means and just labour pace slowly; but when they come by the death of others (as by the course of inheritance, testaments, and the like), they come tumbling upon a man. 寓意是:財富靠正當手段與誠實的勞動取得,其過程是緩慢的;財富因別人的死亡而到來(如通過繼承、遺囑之類),壹夜暴富,意外又突然。But it might be applied likewise to Pluto, taking him for the devil. 但如果把死神當作魔鬼,也是可以適用的。For when riches come from the devil (as by fraud, and oppression, and unjust means), they come upon speed.因為當財富來自魔鬼(如通過欺騙,壓迫、不正當手段),來的速度就快。The ways to enrich are many, and most of them foul.致富的方法很多,大都是不幹不凈。Parsimony is one of the best, and yet is not innocent: for it withholds men from works of liberality and charity.吝嗇是最好的壹種,但也不是清白無罪。因為它束縛人們做慷慨施舍與慈善救人的工作。The improvement of the ground is the most natural obtaining of riches; for it is our great mother’s blessing, the earth’ s; but it is slow. 土地的改善是獲取財富最自然的方法;因為這是我們偉大母親——大地賜予的福利”;但它來得慢。And yet, where men of great wealth do stoop to husbandry, it multiplies riches exceedingly.不過,大富翁親自經營的地方,財富增加得特別快。 I knew a nobleman in England that had the greatest audits of any man in my time: a great grazier, a great sheep-master, a great timber man, a great collier, a great corn-master, a great lead-man, and so of iron, and a number of the like points of husbandry.我認識英格蘭的壹個貴族,他是我們時代無人可比的大富翁,擁有不計其數的財產:牧場、羊群、森林、木材、煤礦、礦工、糧食、糧倉、鉛礦、鐵礦,以及許多此類經營項目。So the earth seemed a sea to him in respect of the perpetual importation. 大地就仿佛是他永久的財富之海。It was truly observed by one that himself came very hardly to little riches and very easily to great riches. 有人真實地指出:他本人發小財很難,發大財很容易。For when a man’s stock is come to that he can expect the prime of markets and overcome those bargains which for their greatness are few men’s money and be partner in the industries of younger men, he cannot but increase mainly. 因為壹個人的股票達到他有望霸占市場,完全控制跟很少幾個富人進行的議價交易,而且跟壹些年輕人合夥開辦各種企業,那麽他就只能天天發大財了。The gains of ordinary trades and vocations are honest and furthered by two things chiefly: by diligence and by a good name, for good and fair dealing. 正常的行業、職業的收益(或譯”贏利”)是誠實的,收益的增加主要靠兩點:壹靠勤勞;二靠好的名譽,即工作好,經營好。But the gains of bargains are of a more doubtful nature; when men shall wait upon others’ necessity, broke by servants and instruments to draw them on, put off others cunningly that would be better chapmen, and the like practices which are crafty and naught.但議價交易的收益,其性質就值得懷疑了:他們將等待別人的困難,利用仆人和手段拉這些人上鉤,導致他們破產,他們還將狡猾地排擠可能比較好的小商,或采取類似的狡詐不良行為。(broke是形容詞,表示“破產”。介詞短語by servants and instruments修飾 to draw them on。譯者註) As for the chopping of bargains, when a man buys not to hold, but to sell over again, that commonly grinds double, both upon the seller and upon the buyer. 至於議價交易中的砍價(或譯“討價還價”),當壹個人買進不是為了擁有,而是為了賣出,這種砍價壹般可以從賣者與另外的買者雙方榨取油水。Sharings do greatly enrich, if the hands be well chosen, that are trusted. 合夥經商能發大財,如果夥伴選得好,忠實可靠。Usury is the certainest means of gain, though one of the worst; as that, whereby a man does eat his bread; in sudore vultus alieni: and besides, does plough upon Sundays. 高利貸是最可靠的獲利手段,雖然是最壞的手段之壹;這就如同吃別人“用滿臉汗水換來的”(拉丁文)的面包,而且這也是此人在星期天辛苦勞動(或直譯“拉犁”)換來的啊!But yet, certain though it be, it has flaws; for that the scriveners and brokers do value unsound men, to serve their own turn. 高利貸雖然可靠,但也有弊端;因為公證人和經紀人為了自己的利益(或直譯“為了自己以後放高利貸”),可以給不可靠的人提供擔保。The fortune, in being the first in an invention or in a privilege, does cause sometimes a wonderful overgrowth in riches; as it was with the first sugar man in the Canaries: therefore, if a man can play the true logician, to have as well judgement as invention, he may do great matters; especially if the times be fit. 如果有幸最先發明了什麽或擁有某種特權,有時這也能使人暴富,加那利群島的第壹個糖商就是這樣;所以,如果壹個人能成為壹個真正的邏輯學家,具有發明家的高智能,他就可以做成大事,特別是在時機到來之際。(加那利群島是北大西洋部火山群島,東距非洲西海岸約130公裏。譯者註)He that rests upon gains certain shall hardly grow to great riches; and he that puts all upon adventures does oftentimes break and come to povety: it is good therefore, to guard adventures with certainties that may uphold losses. 完全依靠固定收入者很難發大財,把壹切都用來冒險者常常破產而淪於貧窮(或譯“壹貧如洗”);所以最好用固定收入來預防風險,這樣可以避免壹敗塗地。Monopolies and coemption of wares for resale, where they are not restrained, are great means to enrich; especially if the party have intelligence that things are like to come into request, and so store himself beforehand. 壟斷與囤積那些不受限制的貨物,為了高價出售——這是發財致富的重要手段,特別是當事人有先見之明,斷定那些貨物很可能暢銷,因此事先全力儲備。Riches gotten by service, though it be of the best rise, yet when they are gotten by flattery, feeding humours and other servile conditions, they may be placed amongst the worst.靠職務得到收入,雖然也能迅速增加財富,但如果是靠阿諛奉承或其他奴顏媚骨的手段獲得的,那麽這種財富也可以放在最壞的壹類。As for fishing for testaments and executorships (as Tacitus says of Seneca; testamenta et orbos, tanquam indagine capi) it is yet worse; by how much men submit themselves to meaner persons than in service. 至於從遺囑與遺囑的執行中漁利,如塔西圖關於塞內加說的:“他把無人繼承的遺產壹網打盡”(拉丁文),這就更壞了,因為人們委托的人物遠比在職務中遇到的更卑劣!Believe not much them that seem to despise riches; for they despise them, that despair of them; and none worse, when they come to them. 不要太相信那些似乎輕視財富的人:他們輕視財富,是因為他對財富感到絕望;如果財富來臨,他們的手段比任何人都壞。(despair是不及物動詞,上海譯文出版社《新英漢詞典》裏有例句Never despair of success.不要對成功絕望。譯者註)Be not penny-wise; riches have wings.不要小氣,在小錢上耍聰明;(比較成語:Penny wise, pound foolish.小事聰明,大事糊塗。譯者註)財富有翅膀。And sometimes they fly away of themselves, sometimes they must be set flying to bring in more.有時候,財富會自己飛跑;有時候它必須放飛,為了帶回更多。Men leave their riches either to their kindred or to the public, and moderate portions prosper best in both.人們把自己的財富既遺留給自己的親人,又遺留給公眾;二者的份額如果比例適當,對二者的增值都很有利。A great estate left to an heir is as a lure to all the birds of prey round about, to seize on him, if he is not better established in years and judgement.壹筆很大的財產遺留給在年齡和智力上還不成熟的繼承人,這無異於引誘周圍的猛禽來撲捉他。(現代英語裏,state不能表示“財產”;是estate表示“財產”。在《論消費》篇中,就見到state表示“狀況”或“經濟狀況”而estate表示“財產”的兩個例子。譯者註) Likewise glorious gifts and foundations are like sacrifices without salt and but the painted sepulchres of alms which soon will putrefy and corrupt inwardly. 同樣,榮耀的饋贈與捐獻就像是沒有放鹽的祭品,只不過是經過油漆的墓穴,裏邊的東西很快就會腐朽糜爛。Therefore, measure not thine advancements by quantity, but frame them by measure; and defer not charities till death; for certainly, if a man weigh it rightly, he that does so is rather liberal of another man’s than of his own. 所以,不要按數量來衡量妳的貢獻,而是靠衡量來確定妳貢獻的規模,也不要把妳的慈善事業拖到臨死前才做;的確,如果壹個人能正確衡量自己做的這件事,那麽這貢獻與其說是他自己的,毋寧說是某別人的(或意譯“某繼承人的”)。