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十八世紀到十九世·紀的英國詩歌帶翻譯

An Essay on Criticism

[Extracts from lines 289?336]

Some to conceit(1) alone their taste confine,

And glittering thoughts struck out at every line;

Pleased with a work where nothing's just or fit,

One glaring chaos and wild heap of wit.

Poets, like painters, thus unskilled to trace

The naked nature and the living grace,

With gold and jewels over every part,

And hide with ornaments their want of art.

True wit is Nature to advantage dressed,

What oft was thought, but ne'er so well expressed;

Something whose truth convinced at sight we find,

That gives us back the image of our mind.

As shades more sweetly recommend the light,

So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit;

For works may have more wit than does them good,

As bodies perish through excess of blood.

Others for language all their care express,

And value books, as women men, for dress.

Their praise is still—the style is excellent;

The sense they humbly take upon content.

Words are like leaves; and where they most abound,

Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found.

False eloquence, like the prismatic glass,

Its gaudy colors spreads on every place;

The face of Nature we no more survey,

All glares alike, without distinction gay.

But true expression, like the unchanging sun,

Clears and improves whate'er it shines upon;

It gilds all objects, but it alters none.

Expression is the dress of thought, and still

Appears more decent as more suitable.

A vile conceit in pompous words expressed

Is like a clown in regal purple dressed;

For different styles with different subjects sort,

As several garbs with country, town, and court.

Some by old words to fame have made pretense,

Ancients in phrase, mere moderns in their sense.

Such labored nothings, in so strange a style,

Amaze the unlearn'd, and make the learned smile;

Unlucky as Fungoso(2) in the play,

These sparks with awkward vanity display

What the fine gentleman wore yesterday;

And but so mimic ancient wits at best,

As apes our grandsires in their doublets dressed.

In words as fashions the same rule will hold,

Alike fantastic if too new or old:

Be not the first by whom the new are tried,

Nor yet the last to lay the old aside.

(289-336行)

有些人只壹味追求奇思異想

每壹行的構思都要突出閃光;

作品既不合理又不適宜卻獨自喜悅,

實乃炫目混亂壹團,粗野智慧堆砌。

詩人,也像畫家壹樣,無力去描繪

真實的大自然和活生生之優美,

就用金玉寶石把每壹部分蓋住,

用裝飾法掩蓋他們藝術之不足。

真正的智慧是保持自然最佳狀況,

思想平常,但無人表達得這麽恰當。

我們發現有些真實東西壹看就信服

因為它與我們腦海中的形象無誤。

正如陰影能更美好地襯托出亮光,

因此,樸實無華突出智慧更有力量。

作品裏奇思異想過多並無好處,

正如體內血液過多反會走上死路。

還有壹些人只關心語言風采,

評價書本像女人評價男人只看穿戴。

他們總是贊揚說——文采何等傑出,

對作品的意義勉強滿足而低估。

詞語像樹葉,哪裏長得最繁多,

下方就很難找到有意義的碩果。

虛假的雄辯,像多棱鏡的色彩,

華麗的光線向每個地方散開;

我們無須去察看大自然的表層,

都壹樣閃光,沒有明顯的區分。

真實的表達形式像不變的陽光,

照到哪裏,那裏就清晰而明朗;

它給萬物鍍金,但不改他們模樣。

語言的表達形式是思想的外衣,

它總是越是適合,就越是得體。

壹個拙劣的奇思用了華麗的辭藻,

宛如小醜穿著壹身豪華的紫袍:

因為不同風格應與不同事物壹致,

正如鄉村、城市、宮廷服飾有異。

有些人用舊詞矯裝,沽名釣譽:

現代人的思想,古代人的詞語。

無價值的矯作,風格如此古怪,

使無知者驚奇,把博學者笑壞;

這些花花公子像劇中的凡果索,

雖然顯得難堪但虛榮心理執著,

總喜歡展示昨天紳士們的衣缽。

好模仿的古人充其量只知如此

學我們的祖先模樣穿緊身上衣。

用詞語和風尚的規律都壹樣,

無論太新或太舊都同樣荒唐:

不要第壹個去使用時新東西,

也不要最後壹個把古舊丟棄。

《英語鼎詩選譯》選載

何功傑

亞歷山大·蒲柏

Alexander Pope (1688-1744)

亞歷山大·蒲柏 (1688-1744) 是18世紀英國啟蒙運動時期壹位博學多才的重要的新古典主義詩人,他幼年患病,身體畸形,壹生坎坷,然而,他並不因此而失望,而消沈,相反,他卻以頑強的意誌堅持自學和寫作,終成大器,成為英國文學史上第壹位以文學為職業而謀生的作家。

蒲柏也是壹位在英國文學史上引起長期爭論的作家,只是到了20世紀二十年代,浪漫派詩風衰竭,蒲柏又受到重視,認識了他在英國詩歌史上的重要地位。評論家普遍認為,他的詩作意境不高,拙於抒情,但長於哲理;過於雕琢,但詩藝高超;他的詩作題材廣泛,在藝術上力求盡善盡美,目的異常專壹,尤其是在“英雄雙韻體”的運用上,他的藝術成就至今無人超越。

1 奇思怪喻,或奇思異想。

2 Ben Jonson所寫的喜劇 “Every Man out of His Humor (1599)”中的壹個人物。

《英語鼎詩選譯》選載——最可愛的櫻桃樹

何功傑

A. E. 豪斯曼

A. E. Housman (1859-1936 )

A.E. 豪斯曼(1859-1936 )是劍橋大學三壹學院的拉丁文教授,拉丁文本評論家,抒情詩人。他是壹位生活嚴謹、治學也嚴謹的學者。1896年出版的詩集《西羅普郡少年》使他壹夜成名。他的詩作語言簡潔,音樂性很強,但帶有淡淡的傷感。

Loveliest of Trees

Loveliest of trees, the cherry now

Is hung with bloom along the bough,

And stands about the woodland ride

Wearing white for Eastertide.

Now, of my threescore years and ten,

Twenty will not come again,

And take from seventy springs a score,

It only leaves me fifty more.

And since to look at things in bloom

Fifty springs are little room,

About the woodlands I will go

To see the cherry hung with snow.

——from A Shropshire Lad

最可愛的櫻桃樹

櫻桃樹兒最可愛,

此時繁花枝頭開,

婷婷玉立林道旁,

迎接“復活”著素裝。

人生在世七十歲,

如今二十不復歸,

二十春秋付東流,

只剩五十歸我有。

繁花勝景何其多,

五十春秋看不夠;

我將林中去探幽,

櫻花如雪垂枝頭。

冰默櫻娘MadamCherry欣賞學習何老師佳譯!櫻娘也試譯壹下,請老師指正:

最可愛的櫻桃樹

最可愛的櫻桃樹,

花開枝頭似錦簇,

風儀玉立林道邊,

迎接復活羅衣素。

人間壹晃七十年,

二十光景再何談,

七十春秋減二十,

僅剩五十歲月綿。

要賞世間美景絢,

五十光陰太短暫,

我將林中去漫步,

櫻花似雪枝頭燦。