7.副詞 副詞修飾動詞,形容詞和其它的副詞。表示動作·狀態的樣態,程度和說話人的心情。它沒有活用。象聲詞和擬態詞也屬於副詞。副詞原則上修飾用言(動詞,イ形容詞、ナ形容詞)。副詞的詞尾應該包括"と"。"こう","そう","ああ","どう"從語法作用來看屬於副詞裏。8. 連體詞 連體詞原來是活用詞的連體形和詞組演變過來的句子成分。它是獨立詞,沒有活用。總是修飾體言(名詞)。其詞尾壹定是"た","な","が","の","る"5個當中的壹個。例:1、たいした人2、小さな國3、わが國4、この方5、あらゆる會社連體詞修飾名詞這壹點上與連體形很相似。但是連體形屬於活用詞的壹個活用形。連體詞是句子成分中的壹個。"こ,そ,あ,ど"系列中的"この","その","あの","どの","こんな","そんな","あんな","どんな"屬於連體詞。9. 接續詞 接續詞可以單獨成為文節。沒有活用。只起連接句子的作用。例如:および,ならびに,しかも,かつ,そして,それで,けれども,ところが,しかし,すると,それなら,それでは,では,10. 助詞 助詞不能單獨成為文節。而且沒有活用。經常連接在其它詞的後面。助詞分為以下幾種。例如:格助詞 "が","の","に","を","へ","と","から","より","まで","で"表示名詞和謂語之間的關系。 提示助詞 "は","も","こそ","さえ","しか","だけ","ばかり","くらい","ぐらい","など","だって","すら","でも","なら","なんか","のみ","まで"等以前叫做系助詞和副助詞。提示助詞與格助詞相互搭配或者相互替換表示說話人的心情。接續助詞 "ば","から","て","が","けれども","し","から","ので","のに","なら"等。並列助詞 "たり","とか","でも","やら","だの","なり","にも","と","に","や","か","も"壹般放在名詞與名詞之間。終助詞 "か,"ね","さ","よ","よね","ぞ","ぜ","もの","なあ","な","や","とも","かな","わ"等接在句子的末尾,表示聽話人和說話人對已發事情的態度。11.感嘆詞 感嘆詞可以單獨構成句子。它沒有修飾和接續。"ああ","あら","おや","まあ","わあ","あっ","ふーん","へえ"等。12.接頭詞(前綴)和接尾詞(後綴) 接頭詞和接尾詞不能單獨使用,必須接續在單詞的前面或者後面才能表示法語意思。例如:"お","ご","無","不","未","非","さ","中","方","ぽい","らしい","味","目","限り","的","性","化"等。13.(助動詞) (助動詞)不單獨構成文節。經常接續在其它詞的後面。在這點上與助詞很接近。但是它有活用。(助動詞)有兩種:1種是表示說話人的判斷方式。另壹種是它把動詞的意思改變成使役,被動,自然結果和希望。以下的"た","だ","です","ます","みたいだ","そうだ","らしい","たい","たがる","せる","させる","れる","られる","ない","ぬ",(ん),"まい","う","よう"等。現代的日本語語法解釋裏不使用(助動詞)這壹語法術語。因為它不是獨立詞,始終跟隨在其他詞的後面補充前壹個詞的意思。它是壹個附屬詞。(助動詞)有以下的幾種分類:1. 根據其意思和語法作用 使役,被動,可能,尊敬,自發,禮貌,希望,否定,斷定,過去,完了,推量,持續,確認,意誌,否定的推量,否定的意誌,比較,例舉,傳聞,樣態,禮貌的斷定。2. 根據活用 動詞型活用(5段,下壹段),形容詞型活用,形容動詞型活用,特殊型活用和無變化型活用3.根據接續 根據它連接到哪壹種詞匯或者連接到哪壹種活用形後面來進行分類的方法。 連接在活用詞的未然形,連用形,終止形,連體形後面和各種句子成分後面。 上述的意思,活用和接續叫做(助動詞)的3要素。