第壹個問題。首先要申請轉去國外壹流大學（範圍包括：以英美為例，牛津，劍橋，帝國理工，倫敦大學學院，倫敦政治經濟學院。和美國的top20）的學生必須在高考時成績為本省的top1%，並在大壹時成績平均到90%以上，這是硬指標必需達到。學校起碼是211大學。但通常只有國內top20才有希望，但成功的好像除了清華,北大之外也只有中科大，復旦，交大符合錄取最低標準。至於山大川大之流就好像沒聽說了。。妳朋友是遼寧大學的，應該不會是高考top1%。至於遼寧大學的排名麽。嘿嘿，不用我多說了。這是最正常的途徑。
其次可以走另外途徑，也就是有人推薦妳，但是要是諾貝爾獎獲得者。比如耶魯開過先例。但妳壹定要有那個實力才行。
還有就是美國著名私立大學會特別願意招收來自異文化國家的有影響力的人物的子女後代，比如阿拉伯王子之類，為的是能夠將美國式的精神價值觀傳播開來。如果妳同學也算身家顯赫比喻有在中央當部長級以上的爺爺或者父親的話就有希望。
另外，就是有突出的個人成就，打個比方如果是學數學的，對哥德巴赫猜想這類的理論突破有重大貢獻。比如學文學的得了龔古爾獎，諾貝爾文學獎之類。這些大學有可能會破格錄取的。
最後就是拿錢找人過去，中外都壹樣。不用我多說了吧。我確實有個遠親是走後門進去的，打那個孩子至壹年就回來了，競爭之激烈就是妳是清華的top5%也就是個average。但不是絕對的，壹句話，看妳能力吧。
第二點，助學金（即妳說的“獎學金”）牛津劍橋是沒有的，對於本國學生每年有補助。但外國學生沒有。而且外國學生學費要高點。妳可以去他們的網站查。所以妳也無從申請，至於獎學金是跟國內壹樣看學期成績，還有給獎學金的權利在教授，能否獲得賞識是關鍵。美國大學比如HYPS即哈佛耶魯普林斯頓斯坦福是不會考慮妳是否申請助學金的比如耶魯大學的政策。
Yale Cuts Costs for Families and Students
From the Yale Office of Public Affairs
New Haven, Conn. — Yale University President Richard C. Levin announced today that Yale is reducing the average cost of sending a student to Yale College by over 50% for families with financial need. This new policy will apply to all students returning to campus in the fall as well as entering freshmen. This represents the largest increase in spending for financial aid in the University’s history.
The reduction in costs will be spread across a broad range of incomes. Families with incomes below $120,000 will see their contributions cut by more than 50%, while most families with incomes between $120,000 and $200,000 will see cost reductions of 33% or more.
Families earning less than $60,000 annually will not make any contribution toward the cost of a child’s education, and families earning $60,000 to $120,000 will typically contribute from 1% to 10% of total family income. The contribution of aided families earning above $120,000 will average 10% of income.
Yale also is increasing the number of families who qualify for aid, eliminating the need for students to take loans, enhancing its grants to families with more than one child attending college, exempting the first $200,000 of family assets from the assessment of need, and increasing expense allowances for foreign students during school vacation periods. Yale calculates financial aid by taking into consideration a family's total income and assets, family size and number of children in college, family medical bills, state of residence, and a number of other factors.
Additional Resources
Yale University Office of Public Affairs
Student Employment Office
Contact Information
Financial Aid Web site
Financial Aid Contact Info:
Telephone: 203-432-2700
Fax: 203-777-6100
Web Site: www.yale.edu/sfas/finaid
Email: sfs@yale.edu
The combined changes will increase Yale’s financial aid budget by more than $24 million, to over $80 million annually. Yale also announced that it would hold its increase in tuition, room, and board charges in 2008-2009 to the expected level of consumer price inflation, 2.2%.
“Yale should be a college of choice for the very best and brightest students from across America and around the world, regardless of financial circumstances. We want all of our students to make the most of Yale – academically and beyond – without worrying about excessive work hours or debt. Our new financial aid package makes this aspiration a reality,” said Levin.
Building on a Yale tradition
In 1966, Yale was the first private research university in the United States to establish need-blind admissions, where candidates are evaluated for admission without regard to financial need. Yale also committed at the same time to meet the full demonstrated financial need of every U.S. student who was admitted. Yale awards no merit scholarships and no athletic scholarships – all financial aid is based solely on demonstrated need. For over four decades, Yale has not wavered from this commitment. In 2001 it extended this policy to foreign students, and it has increased aid numerous times to reduce the financial burden of a Yale education. Three years ago, Yale exempted families with less than $45,000 in income from making a financial contribution to the cost of attendance.
As grants to families increase dramatically, students also will see the amount they are expected to contribute from their own earnings fall sharply, from the current rate of $4,400 to $2,500 per year. Students may earn that amount by working on campus for about seven hours a week, eliminating the need to take loans or to work excessive hours.
Additionally, Yale will increase the adjustment for families with additional children attending college and add to the allowance already given to international students to help them with expenses when school closes for vacations.
To increase transparency, the University is building an online calculator to provide families with a way of estimating net cost of attendance. By this summer Yale will have a web tool for helping families make an initial estimate of their expected contributions.
Here are some examples:
Examples of Parental and Student Annual Contributions
Case A Case B Case C
Parents’ Income $60,000 $90,000 $180,000
Parents’ Assets $100,000 $150,000 $200,000
Parents’ Contribution:
One child in college
New policy 0 $2,950 $23,050
Old policy $4,450 $12,550 $38,150
Parents’ Contribution:
Two children in college
New policy 0 $1,500 $11,650
Old policy $2,750 $7,350 $22,300
Student’s Contribution
New policy $2,500 $2,500 $2,500
Old policy $4,400 $4,400 $4,400
Financial aid improvements have not been the only component of Yale’s efforts to increase access for students from families of limited or modest means. As part of its nationwide outreach, the undergraduate admissions office now sends over 100 Yale students as outreach ambassadors each year to high schools around the country with large numbers of economically disadvantaged students. Yale also has entered into partnerships with non-profit organizations such as Questbridge and College Summit to assist high performing lower-income students in understanding their college options and achieving their aspirations. Questbridge is a national non-profit program matching high-achieving lower-income students with many of the country’s most selective colleges; College Summit is a national non-profit program that assists students from disadvantaged school districts with the college application process.
Peter Salovey, Dean of Yale College said, “For the past few years, our committees on financial aid have hosted discussions with a broad range of student groups, and we have listened closely to the specific appeals and comments of Yale families as we have also researched broader trends. The attention given by student leaders in the Yale College Council to issues surrounding access and diversity has been commendable and helpful.”
Yale’s administrators and trustees continue to consider other uses of the university’s resources to expand access, including the possible expansion of the size of Yale’s undergraduate student body. Additionally, Yale will make more of its intellectual treasury available without charge to the public. Yale recently launched Open Yale Courses, which placed the full content of a groupof popular undergraduate courses online for free.
http://www.yale.edu/admit/freshmen/financial_aid/index.html
所以不用看什麽獎學金，只要妳夠資格。
另外好像是教育部什麽的貌似有每年贊助在牛橋的中國學生30-40名的計劃，不太清楚。
第三點，雅思過7分是必須的如果妳要申請Oxbridge的話這是底線，過不了的話是絕對不會被考慮的。壹般被錄取的都會是7.2以上的，因為既然學習好到考牛橋的英語分數只能是無限+++。Oxbridge沒有預科所以妳必須到達能聽課的程度，如果妳朋友是學理工的就比文科要求低些，文科經濟，管理類就比文學歷史要求低。如果同樣分數比如壹個申請物理系和壹個申請歷史系的考同樣分數歷史那個是沒戲的。所以妳朋友如果是文科只考7分的話錄取幾率就很低。
面試麽同教授語言交流是必須的，陳述些觀點回答問題。牛橋是教授面試的。他們是很敏銳的，沒想還就亂說會死的很慘。至於專業麽，理科就會當面給壹些問題算算。比如讓妳解兩道題（通常是高中水平，再給壹個沒學過的命題讓妳證明或提出假設
這個通常是高中絕對接觸不到的。文科會提些問題，大概只有本國高中水平。過程回憶起來不復雜但時間會很長大概要從9點到下午2點吧。妳可以上網查查，會發現就這樣差不多
綜上所述妳朋友是符合哪些條件他（她）應該會清楚，另外如果妳朋友有論文發表（最好是國家壹級期刊）就會減少與那些名校學生的差距。因為大壹學生是很少有發表論文的。如果是理工科的話在高中獲過國際奧林匹克競賽金獎的話也會有力，但申請這些學校十個有九個獲過這些獎的。很重要
最後呢，社會實踐活動比如實習是會有加分的，或者義務活動去偏遠地區支教過也是。如果這樣的話妳和另壹個人如果其他條件差不多，甚至稍遜與他的話被錄取的也通常會是妳。但是什麽校學生會，團委之類的就免了，沒人看的
說實話這樣轉去的學生是最少的，也很難。