(擬人論，擬人觀：賦予無生命的物體，動物或自然現象以人的動機，特征或行動)
對personification的解釋是：A figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.(擬人，人格化：給無生命的東西或者抽象的東西賦予人的個性或繪以人的形象)
很抱歉我也不知道它們在用法上的區別。
《美國傳統詞典》對fable的解釋是：A usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like human beings.(寓言：壹種通常短小的故事，用來表示啟發或謹慎的觀點，常利用說話或有人的行為的動物為角色)
對allegory的解釋是：A literary, dramatic, or pictorial device in which characters and events stand for abstract ideas, principles, or forces, so that the literal sense has or suggests a parallel, deeper symbolic sense.(諷喻：壹種文學、戲劇或繪畫的藝術手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的觀點、原則或支配力，從而使表面含義含有或表達壹種對等的，但更深刻的象征意義)
“寓言”是文學體裁，“諷喻”是修辭手法。