英語中的特殊疑問詞+ever是什麽意思？跟原來有什麽不同與作用?

補充： “疑問詞 + ever”是近年來高考英語的壹個考查熱點，在各版本的中學英語教材中出現頻率較高，而且是學生理解和掌握的壹個難點。從不同角度論述這方面內容的文章很多，本文試圖別辟蹊徑，簡單明了地歸納講解這壹問題。 “疑問詞 + ever ”可分為兩類，“疑問代詞 + ever ”： whatever / whichever / whoever (賓格 whomever )和“疑問副詞 + ever ”： wherever / whenever / however. 不論是“疑問代詞 + ever ”還是“疑問副詞 + ever ”，其意義都是“不管 / 無論 + 該疑問詞的本義”。 1. “疑問代詞 + ever”可引導兩種類型的從句，即讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句)。 (1)引導讓步狀語從句。此時 whatever / whoever / whichever 分別等於“ no matter + what / who / which”。例如： Whatever happened， he wouldn't say a word. = No matter what happened， he wouldn't say a word. Whoever says so， it is wrong. = No matter who says so， it is wrong. Whichever dictionary you (may) take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. = No matter which dictionary you (may) take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. 註意：這類從句中應用壹般現在時表將來，從句中也常用情態動詞 may / might . (2)引導名詞性從句。例如： Whoever smokes here will be punished. (主語從句) Beggars will eat whatever they are given. (賓語從句) Whichever he likes will be given to him. (主語從句) You may invite whoever / whomever you like. (常用 whoever 代替 whomever) 此時它們都不能換成“ no matter + 疑問詞”的形式，但 whoever 等於 anyone who， whatever 等於 anything that. 2. “疑問副詞 +ever ”： wherever / whenever / however 壹般只能引導壹種類型的從句，即讓步狀語從句，此時它們分別等於“ no matter + where / when / how ”。例如： Wherever he goes (may go). I'll follow him. = No matter where he goes (may go)，I'll follow him. Whenever I wisited him， he was always busy working. = No matter when I visited him， he was always busy working. However late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. = No matter how late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. 註意：當 however 用作連接副詞時也可引導名詞性從句，而 whenever/ wherever 則不能引導名詞性從句。例如： I'll give you however much money you need. (賓語從句，此時 however 不能改成 no matter how )。 3. 另外， whatever / whichever / whoever 與 whenever / wherever / however 分別可相當於 what / which / who 與 when / where / how 的強調式，引起的特殊疑問句往往是簡單句，與原疑問詞的意思、用法完全相同，只是表達的語氣更為強烈，翻譯時可加上“到底；究竟”等。例如： What(ever) are you doing ？妳(到底)在幹什麽？ Which(ever) do you want to buy ？妳(究竟)要買哪壹個？ Who(ever) told you such a foolish story？ (究竟)是誰講給妳這麽蠢的事？ When(ever) can I enjoy a long vacation？ (究竟)什麽時候才能給我放個長假呢？ Where(ever) did you leave your dictionary？ 妳(究竟)把詞典放哪兒了？ How(ever) did you collect so much money？ 妳(到底)是怎樣籌到這麽多錢的？