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英語介詞用法

英語介詞from:此介詞表示“to”相反的方向;by:表示從旁經過或在……附近,eg.?This is the nearest road by which they came等。,(1)from:此介詞表示“to”相反的方向。,He came from London.,He went to London.,二詞常搭配使用“from... to...”,We studied English from morning to afternoon.,He'll start from Beijing to Shanghai.,經典用法:,● 由於→ The girl is trembling from fear.,● 免除→ Tramps are always free from care. 流浪漢們總是無憂無慮。,● 分開→ The couple parted from each other at the airport.,● 由……制成→ The red wine is made from grapes. 紅葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。,由from引導的慣用法:,from far 從遠處,from now / then on 從現在/那時起,from bad to worse 每況愈下,from time to time(occasionally 時而),習語:,She es to visit me from time to time.,(2)out of:表示與"into"相反的語意。,He will be out of town.,I stepped out of the dark room.,out of+ 名詞 (= lack, to be without 用完,用光),He went to the shop because he was out of paper.,out of date (= old-fashioned 過時的),The book has been out of date.,out of work (= jobless 失業的),He needs money because be is out of work.,out of the question (= impossible 不可能的),Finishing the hard work is out of the question.,out of question (= doubtless 毫無疑問的),That he can do it well is out of question.,out of order(= not functioning 失靈的),Her radio is out of order, so she can't listen to it.,(3)by:表示從旁經過或在……附近。,He passed by me without saying hello.,He lives by the sea.,經典用法:,● 通過→This is the nearest road by which they came.,● 在……時候→The young man works by day and steals money by night.,● 由……所生→He has o sons by her second wife.,● 抓住→She caught her child by his coat in the flood.,● 按……計算→The farmers sell their apples by the pound.,● 就(氣質,特征)而言→He is an artist by temperament(氣質).,用於被動語意,導出動作執行者:,The glass was broken by the boy.,by + 具體時間:,They usually have dinner by 8 o'clock.,by + 交通工具 (bus, train, plan...):,He travelled to Paris by air/plane.,by the end of + 時間名詞:到……末為止,By the end of last year, they had learnt 100 texts.,By the end of this term, they will have learnt 100 texts.,by then:到那時,He will graduate in 1999, by then he will leave Beijing.,by way of (= via):經由,取道,They are going to the United States by way of Hong Kong.,by the way:順便問,By the way, do you know where Mr. Li has gone?,by far:……得多(用於修飾比較級和*高級),The book is by far the best on the subject.,by accident:不小心,與on purpose(故意地)語意相反,The wrong information was put into the puter by accident.,擴展知識:,表示詞與詞、詞與句關系的詞。,常用介詞:on、at、in、above、by、with等;,合成類介詞:inside、outside、onto、out of、within 等;,短語類介詞:according to、ahead of、along with等。, 含義 ,介詞是壹種用來表示詞與詞,?詞與句之間的關系的詞。在句中不能單獨作句字成分。介詞後面壹般有名詞代詞或相當於名詞的其他詞類,短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構成介詞詞組,在句中作狀語,表語,補語或介詞賓語。, 分類 ,1.常用簡單介詞:,about, across, against, among, after, at, behind, besides, beyond, by, concerning, beneath, beeen, despite, except, during, down, for, from, past, than, under, until 等。,2.合成介詞:,inside, outside, onto, out of, within 等。,3.短語介詞:,according to, ahead of, along with, as for, because of, be means of, due to, in spite of, on behalf of, owing to, with regard to 等。, 介詞與“……的”之關系 ,在英語學習中,壹遇到“……的”,大家就會立刻想到’s 所有格或者of。實際上,在很多情況下,“……的”必須借助於介詞才能準確表達。,● 美國的冬天→ the winter in America,● 停車場的入口→ the entrance to the parking lot,● 穿過森林的小路→ the path through the forest,● 魯迅的著作→ the works by Lu Xun,● 水中的月亮→ the moon reflected in water,● 歷史的見證→ the witness to history,● 對愛的渴望→ a longing for love,● 對我們不利的證據→ the evidence against us,● 陽光下的漫步→ a walk in the sunlight,● 追求名譽的女人→ a lady after fame,● 兩人之間的爭論→ an argument beeen the o persons