(壹)名詞變復數
1.規則名詞復數形式:
在單數名詞後加“s” day → days week → weeks
2.在以 o, s, x, ch, sh 結尾的名詞後加“es”。
hero → heroes box → boxes class → classes
bush → bushes watch → watches
3.黃金重點:
I.有些以o結尾的外來詞或縮略詞的復數形式只加“s”。
II.以元音字母加o結尾的單詞只加“s”。(不認識的單詞,請妳查詞典,懶惰是學英語的大忌。)
piano,photo,zero,radio,bamboo,tobacco,solo,cuckoo,dynamo,cameo,soprano教妳壹招 ☆
如果以O結尾的名詞有生命力,則該詞匯壹般加-es。
hero,tomato,potato,Negro(黑人)[ 簡記:黑人英雄吃西紅柿馬鈴薯。]
4.以輔音加y結尾的名詞變y為i再加“es”
family → families city → cities
5.y前面是元音字母只加“s”
key → keys boy → boys play → plays toy → toys
6.以f、fe結尾的名詞,變 f / fe為 v加 es。
calf → calves knife → knives
? 當心當心:
I.下列名詞直接加“s”。(請大聲朗讀三遍,然後背下。註意讀音!)
roof(房頂),reef(暗礁),chief(首領),cliff(懸崖),grief(悲痛),turf(草皮), belief(信仰),gulf(港灣),dwarf(侏儒),safe(保險箱),sheriff(長官),tariff(關稅)
II.scarf(頭巾),wharf(碼頭),staff(全體職員),handkerchief(手帕)和 hoof(蹄)既可直接加“s”,又可變 f為 v加 es.
(二)不規則名詞復數形式
1. foot → feet mouse → mice goose → geese child → children ox → oxen louse → lice woman → women man → men
2.單復數同形:
sheep, deer, fish, means, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, works,
barracks(兵營) bellows(風箱) kennels(狗窩)
3.壹些英語外來詞的復數形式:
crisis→crises 危機
analysis→analyses 分析
oasis→oases 綠洲
parenthesis→parentheses 括號
axis→axes 軸心
ellipsis→ellipses 日蝕
hypothesis→hypotheses 假定
synopsis→synopses 內容提要
erratum→errata 勘誤誤表
addendum→addenda 補遺、附錄
medium→media 媒體
(以上單詞熟悉即可)
(三)復合名詞復數形式
1.中間沒有連字符的合成名詞在詞尾變復數:
bookshelf→bookshelves handful→handfuls
2.man和 woman構成的復合名詞,二者均變為復數。
man servant → men servants
woman teache r→ women teachers
3.中間有連字符的合成次,在主體詞(中心意義的詞)末尾變復數:
sister-in-law → sisters-in-law
looker-on → lookers-on
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief
4.下列合成名詞在後壹個詞上變化:
sit-in→sit-ins, grown-up→grown-ups
stand-by→stand-bys touch-me-not→touch-me-nots
go-between→go-betweens
(四)名詞所有格
1.在大多數名詞末加“'s”
the boy's toy, men's work
2.以 s結尾的復數名詞直接加“'”
the students' reading room
3.以 s結尾的單數名詞加“'”
Dickens' novels the actress' performance
4.合成名詞在最後壹個詞上加“s”
her brother-in-law's piano.
Somebody else's books. (重要!)
金牌重點除用於有生命的人外,“'s”格還可用於度量衡、地域、天體及壹些習語中:
an hour's drive, a mile's journey
ten pounds' weight, Beijing's weather
the earth's surface
a stone's throw 投石之距離
at one's wits end 智窮計盡
to one's heart's content 盡情地
by a hair's breadth 千鈞壹發
at a snail's pace 緩慢地
5.雙重所有格:
如果被修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞修飾。則要采用雙重所有格。
a friend of mine (名詞性物主代詞)
a child of hers
the love poems of your sister's
註意區別:
● a portrait of her mother 她母親的畫像(畫中人)
● a portrait of her mother's 她母親擁有的畫像中的壹幅(不壹定是她母親的畫像)
測試精編
1. Julie went to the ________ to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes store B. shoe's store C. shoe store D. shoes' store
2. As a safety precaution, all city cab drivers carry only enough money to make change for a ________ bill.
A. ten-dollar B. ten-dollars
C. tens-dollar D. ten-dollar's
3. Recently, he has lost all his ________ at cards.
A. wage and saving B. wages and saving
C. wage and savings D. wages and savings
4. I want ________ .
A. a dollar worth candy B. candy a dollar's worth
C. a dollar's worth of candy D. a dollar worth's candy
5.The surroundings a child grows up in usually ________ an effect on his development.
A. have B. had C. do D. has
KEYS
1. C 2.A 3.D 4. C 5.A