The application of attentive listening in communications
曾經有人說，傾聽是壹門藝術，更是壹門學問。而當我對 “傾聽” 有了更深入的了解之後，才發現，無論是在生活中還是在工作中，“傾聽”的作用遠不止於此。尤其在人與人之間的交流和溝通中，甚至是在管理溝通中，傾聽的作用更是不容忽視的。
Someone once said that attentive listening is an art as well as a subject. Only after I have learnt more about attentive listening do I realize that no matter it is at work or in life, attentive listening has far wider applications, especially in the communications between people and among the management level, where attentive listening plays an undeniably important role.
1. 什麽是傾聽
What is attentive listening
傾聽在漢語詞典裏的解釋就是“認真地聽取”。
Attentive listening, as it is defined in the Chinese dictionary, means to listen and to absorb with care.
有效的傾聽是可以通過學習而獲得的技巧。認識自己的傾聽行為將有助於妳成為壹名高效率的傾聽者。按照影響傾聽效率的行為特征，傾聽可以分為三種層次。壹個人從層次壹成為層次三傾聽者的過程，就是其溝通能力、交流效率不斷提高的過程。下面是對這三個層次的描述：
Effective attentive listening is a skill that can be learnt through study. Knowing about your own attentive listening behavior would make you a very effective attentive listener. Attentive listening consists of three levels according to the characteristics of the behavior that affects the effectiveness of attentive listening. The process of upgrading oneself from level 1 attentive listener to level 3 attentive listener is the process of continual improvement in one’s communications skills as well as effectiveness. The following is a description of the three levels:
層次壹：在這個層次上，聽者完全沒有註意說話人所說的話，假裝在聽其實卻在考慮其它毫無關聯的事情，或內心想著辯駁。他更感興趣的不是聽，而是說。這種層次上的傾聽，導致的是關系的破裂、沖突的出現和拙劣決策的制定。
Level 1: at this level ,the listener is not paying attention to the speaker at all. He is thinking about irrelevant stuff while pretending to listen to the speaker or is thinking about a refutation to the speaker. He is more interested in talking than in listening. Attentive listening at this level would cause the break-up of relationships,conflicts and the making of bad decisions.
層次二：人際溝通實現的關鍵是對字詞意義的理解。在第二層次上，聽者主要傾聽所說的字詞和內容，但很多時候，還是錯過了講話者通過語調、身體姿勢、手勢、臉部表情和眼神所表達的意思。這將導致誤解、錯誤的舉動、時間的浪費和對消極情感的忽略。另外，因為聽者是通過點頭同意來表示正在傾聽，而不用詢問澄清問題，所以說話人可能誤以為所說的話被完全聽懂理解了。
Level 2: communications with people is achieved through the understanding of words being said. At level 2, the listener focuses on the content of the speaker,but most of the times he misses the message being sent across by the speaker through the speaker’s tone, body gesture, hand gesture, expressions and eye contact. This may cause misunderstanding, wrong actions, waste of time or the ignorance of negative emotions. Moreover, since the listener nods to show that he is listening instead of asking questions, the speaker may be misled into thinking that all of what he has said is being understood.
層次三：處於這壹層次的人表現出壹個優秀傾聽者的特征。這種傾聽者在說話者的信息中尋找感興趣的部分，他們認為這是獲取新的有用信息的契機。高效率的傾聽者清楚自己的個人喜好和態度，能夠更好地避免對說話者做出武斷的評價或是受過激言語的影響。好的傾聽者不急於做出判斷，而是感同身受對方的情感。他們能夠設身處地看待事物，詢問而不是辯解某種形式。 層次三的傾聽者在內心總結已經傳遞的信息，質疑或是權衡所聽到的話，或者有意識地註意非語言線索。他們的總體宗旨是帶著理解和尊重傾聽。層次三上的有效率的傾聽在形成積極經歷方面起著主要作用。
Level 3: people who are at this level already possess characteristics of attentive listeners. They would seek out the part of the speaker’s message that they are interested in as they think it is an effective way of obtaining new and useful information. Highly effective attentive listeners know about their own preferences and attitudes, and hence would prevent themselves from making hasty judgments about the speaker or from being influenced by loaded language. Good attentive listeners do not rush to make a judgment. Instead, they try to feel what the speaker is feeling. They are able to put themselves into the shoes of the speaker and ask questions instead of arguing. Level 3 attentive listeners would summarise the information they have obtained, question or evaluate what they have just heard, or actively seek out non-verbal clues. Their main focus is to listen attentively with respect and understanding. Being a Level 3 effective attentive listener plays an important part in one’s positive learning experience.
自己翻譯的，大意沒錯，希望答案對妳有用。