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語法小點——動名詞

1. 動名詞作主語

1) 名詞直接放在句首作主語。例如:

Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.

用右手握手是許多國家的壹種習俗。

2) 動名詞在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名詞 + doing”結構中作主語,it為形式主語。例如:

It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.

寫信給他不妥,他從來不回信。

It is no use your complaining; the company won’t do anything about it.

抱怨是沒有用的,公司是不會管的。

3) 動名詞在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容詞 + doing”結構中作主語。例如:

It is good playing chess after supper.

晚飯後弈棋挺好。

It is useless speaking.

光說是沒有用的。

4) 動名詞在“There is(was) no + doing”結構中作主語。例如:

There is no denying that she is very efficient.

她效率高是不容否認的。

There is no telling what he is going to do.

他要做什麽壹點消息都沒有。

2. 動名詞作賓語

1) 有些動詞後面要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這樣用的動詞有:

admit 承認 ; excuse 原諒 ; postpone 拖延 ;anticipate 期望; fancy 想象

practise 練習; appreciate 欣賞; finish 完成; prevent 防止; avoid 避免;

forbid 禁止; propose 建議; consider 考慮; forgive 寬恕; recollect 回憶;

delay 耽擱; imagine 想象; resent 厭惡; deny 否認; involve 涉及;

resist 抵制; detest 厭惡; keep 保留; risk 冒險; dislike 討厭; mind 在意; save 挽救; dread 害怕; miss 錯過; suggest 建議; enjoy 喜歡; pardon 原諒;

understand 理解; escape 逃避;permit 允許

例如:

I recommend buying the dictionary.

我建議買這本詞典。

I don’t anticipate meeting any opposition.

我估計不會遇到任何反對意見。

Will you admit having broken the window?

妳承認不承認打破了窗戶?

2) 有些動詞短語後也要求跟動名詞作賓語。常這樣用的動詞短語有:

can’t stand 忍不住; can’t help 忍不住; feel like 想,欲;

give up 放棄; put off 推遲

例如:

He put off making a decision till he had more information.

在獲得詳情之前,他沒有急於作出決定。

Do you feel like taking a walk?

妳要不要去散步?

3) 動名詞常跟在介詞或介詞短語後做賓語。常這樣用的介詞短語有:instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。

例如:

We are looking forward to coming to China.

我們期待著來中國。

We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.

我們終於克服了所有的困難。

4) 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 動名詞; be busy (in) + 動名詞;waste time (in) + 動名詞;lost time (in) + 動名詞;There is no point (in) + 動名詞”等結構中,動名詞做介詞賓語,in常要省去。例如:

The children are busy doing their homework.

孩子們忙於做作業。

There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.

再做壹次這種簡單的實驗是毫無意義的。

5) 在復合賓語中,用it作形式賓語,將動名詞短語放在後面。例如:

I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.

我認為辯論這事是很浪費時間的。

6) 在“there be”結構當中,be為動名詞時,該結構也是壹種帶邏輯主語的動名詞形式。例如:

We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it.

我們可以想象到人們對此大驚小怪。

Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts?

妳對沒有更多的禮物感到失望嗎?

3. 動名詞的被動式

1) 動詞need, require, want, deserve後,用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。其用法相當於不定式的被動結構。例如:

The watch needs repairing. (=The watch needs to be repaired.)

這塊表需要修理。

The problem deserves thinking about. (=The problem deservers to be thought about.)

這個問題值得考慮。

2) 在(be)worth後面只能用動名詞的主動態來表示被動意義。例如:

His suggestion is worth considering.

他的提議值得考慮。