英語發音標準、規則有哪些?

1 元音: [i：] [i] [A] [e] [[：] [[] [a：] [Q] [R：] [R] [U：] [U] [ei] [ai] [aU] [EU] [Ri] [i[] [Z[] [UE] 1) [i:] 字母組合:ee ea e ie three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling 2) [i] 發音字母 i y e sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) [] 發音字母 a bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) [e] 字母組合 ea e a head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5) [ε:] 字母組合ir ur ear ur or girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6) [ε] 字母組合 er or ou ar o a e u teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7) [a:] 字母組合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) [] 發音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood 9) []字母組合 al or au our ar aw small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter draw saw flaw 10) [] 發音字母 o a hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash 11) [u:] 字母組合 oo o u food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full 12) [u] 字母組合 oo ou u o look good foot book should could put full bull pull push woman wolf 13) [ei] 發音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey 14) [ai] 發音字母 i y bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye 15) [au] 字母組合 ou ow house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16) [εu] 發音字母 o ow oa home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal 17) [] 字母組合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18) [iε] 字母組合 eer beer deer ear idea near here fierce 19) [] 字母組合ear air pear bear chair air fair care there where 20) [uε] hour tour poor flower shower 2 容易混淆的元音 [A] [e] bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said [i：] [ei] real rail greet great mean main read raid [e] [ai] bet bite red write said side head hide [aU] [R：] house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [aU] [Q] found fond down done gown gone town ton 3輔音 1) pen pear play pig pour pull push 2) [b] book big boot bike bread break 3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city 4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary 5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (發音字母k) card cat cream correct climb come account accept (發音字母c) fox box oxygen x-ray (發音字母x) school schedule schema (字母組合ch) 6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language 7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb 8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening 10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11) [r] read red right run room write 12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13) [v] very evening even every voice vest of 14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (發音字母s) license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (發音字母c) licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母組合ce) 15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16) [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17) [T] that this those these though 18) [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure 19) [V] pleasure 20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who 21) [w] when what where window wind wood 22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow 23) [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母組合ch） catch watch match （字母組合tch) 24) [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk 25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk 26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts 28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods 4容易混淆的輔音 [v] [w] vest west vet wet vine wine very well [s] [W] sink think mass math miss myth sort sought [z] [T] close cloth breeze breathe [n] [N] thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing 5 字母，組合音節發音規律 1）a [ei] [?0?3] [[] [a:] [R] late private grade bake grape nation station page active hand bank fan parent family glad flag accept about above formative machine cinema fast last glass class past father wash what watch want 2）e [i:] [e] [i] [[] 不發音 appreciate extremely secret she me he letter left message generate pebble decide pretty previous result restore problem prosperous student confident active table late wife store lecture 3）i [ai] [i] high price library ice cream wife size line fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit 4）o [[J] [J:] [Q] [[] [R] lode host cold note okay old home lose do who whose prove love some other mother honey company today tomorrow together control collect lost hot mock office soft honest 5）u [ju] [u] [Q] [[] university refuse unique universe huge put push pull full bull but brush bucket duck bubble support suggest 6）c [k] [s] country camp camera courage cable city ceiling celebrate cell cease 7）g [g] [dV] [N] girl grade glass glade bag flag village vegetable bridge gentleman gym long song sing morning evening 8) l [l] 讀音不同 listen learn language collect English gorilla world cold soil tall sell cool animal 9) n [n] [N] moon night noodle number uncle hungry angry young 10) r [r] [[](美語發音) right read write grade progress card board door floor form north 11）y [j] [i] [ai] yellow year yell young yolk university country pretty happy dyke dying fly buy by my 12）ar [a:] [[] [R:] farm card garden mark dollar warm quarrel quarter 13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i[] cease season breathe feature meat please bread breast breath meadow weather great break idea realize 14) ear [[:] [i[] learn earth earn heard hear near clear ear fear 15) er [[:] [[] [i[] deserve serve her person teacher driver anger singer serious experience mysterious fierce 16） ere [i[] [Z[] here mere fere sere there 17) ir [[:] [ai] shirt girl skirt admire desire 18) oo [u:] [u] [Q] [R:] room tool cool moon noon goof food good foot stood wood wool cook wood book blood flood door floor 19) or [ R:] [[:] [[] short form corn born for work world worm word worst tractor doctor actor sector senior senator 20) oor [ R:] [J[] door floor moor poor boor 21) our [J[] [R:] hour tour flour bourn lour pour court four mourn 22) ou [au] [Q] [[] house mouth mouse sound found enough trouble touch delicious gracious prosperous 23) ow [[J] [au] window meadow know show low now town how down cow 24) se [z] [s] nose suppose gose lose pose rose mouse house 25) th [W] [T] thank think thought cloth clothes that this then than 26) sion [F[n] [V[n] propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television 27) tion [F[n] [ tF[n](不常見) station nation translation attention question 6關於語音的幾個概念: Phonics 是壹種(方法), 是教育學習者從字母排列中去拼讀出單個字來. AHD表示美語發音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（簡稱AHD） KK音標是壹套(註音符號系統),是由John Samuel Kenyon 和 John Albert Knott兩位美國學者***同編著的發音詞典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956中用於標註美式發音的符號系統, 這是壹套最常用的也是最權威的註音法，從此人們把美語標準發音慣稱為KK音標。 DJ是根據英國學者Daniel Jones編的英語發音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的標音而來. 英式讀音根據的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英語正音辭典》。它們代表了被稱為“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（標準讀音）的讀音，這在受過教育的英國人尤其是南部英格蘭人中通用。 1888年國際語音協會 (International Phonetic Association) 的語言學家便制定出壹套可國際通用的語音符號叫國際音標符號 (IPA—International Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以壹個符號代表壹音，並避免各人使用壹套自己的符號所產生的不便。 國內的英文字典裏最常見的音標為英式發音的國際音標 (DJ) 和美式發音的KK音標，前者乃根據Daniel Jones編的英語發音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)，後者則是根據John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott二氏的美語發音字典 (A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)。值得壹提的是，KK音標所使用的符號均從前面提到的國際音標符號 (IPA) 而來，Kenyon & Knott二氏僅將其中適用於美式英語的符號截取出來。 音素: 音的最小單位,英語中有48個音素. 音節: 由元音和輔音構成的發音單位. 元音: 發音響亮,是樂音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節的主要組成部分.英語中有20個元音. 輔音: 發音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節的重要組成部分,英語中有28個輔音. 開音節: 1)輔音+元音+輔音+不發音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine 2)輔音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello 閉音節: 1)輔音+元音+輔音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+輔音 it is of in on up out ant