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誰能幫我總結初中的短語啊?

動詞開頭構成的短語、詞組很多。復習時應分類處理:

壹、動詞+介詞

1.look at…看…,look like … 看上去像……,

look after …照料…

2.listen to…聽……

3.welcome to…歡迎到……

4.say hello to …向……問好

5.speak to…對……說話

此類短語相當於及物動詞,其後必須帶賓語,但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之後。如:

This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×)

This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√)

二、動詞+副詞

“動詞+副詞”所構成的短語義分為兩類:

A.動詞(vt.)+副詞

1.put on 穿上 2.take off脫下 3.write down記下

此類短語可以帶賓語,賓語若是名詞,放在副詞前後皆可;賓語若是人稱代詞,只能放在副詞的前面。試比較:

First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√)

First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×)

First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√)

B.動詞(vi)+副詞。

1.come on趕快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家 4.come in進來 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立

此類短語屬於不及物動詞,不可以帶賓語。

三、其它類動詞詞組

1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games

介詞短語聚焦

“介詞+名詞/代詞”所構成的短語稱為介詞短語。現將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類。

1.in+語言/顏色/衣帽等,表示使用某種語言或穿著……。如:in English,in the hat

2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/隊/班級/年級”等。

3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等壹段時間。

4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在書桌/鉛筆盒/臥室裏”。

5.in the tree表示“在樹上 (非樹本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在樹上(為樹本身所有)”。如:There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees.

6.in the wall表示“在墻上(凹陷進去)”;on the wall表示“在墻上(指墻的表面)”。如:There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall.

7.at work(在工作)/at school(上學)/at home(在家)應註意此類短語中無the。

8.at + 時刻表示鐘點。如:at six, at half , past ten.

9.like this/that表示方式,意為“像……這/那樣”。

10.of短語表示所屬關系。如:a picture of a classroom, a map of China.

11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名詞等,表示方位、處所。如:beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree.

12.from與to多表示方向,前者意為“從……”,後者意為“到……”。如:from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work.

另外,以下這些短語也必須掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。

重點句型大回放

1.I think…意為“我認為……”,是對某人或某事的看法或態度的壹種句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,如:I think he’s Mr Zhinag. (L17)I don’t think you are right.

2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為“把……給……”,動詞give之後可接雙賓語,可用這兩種句型;若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時,則只能用give it/ them to sb. 如:

His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)

3.take sb./ sth. to…意為“把……(送)帶到……”,後常接地點,也可接人。如:

Please take the new books to the classroom.

4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為“壹個是……;另壹個是……”,必須是兩者中。如:One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red,, the other is grey.

5.Let sb. do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”,人後應用不帶to的動詞不定式,其否定式為Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 與Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內,後者不包括聽者在內,如:Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.

6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為“幫助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作賓補,後者用介詞短語作賓補,二者可以互換。如:Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.

7.What about…?/How about…?意為“……怎麽樣?”是用來詢問或征求對方的觀點、意見、看法等。about為介詞,其後須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。如:What/How playing chess?

8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意為“該做……的時間了”,其中to後須接原形動詞,for後可接名詞或V-ing形式。如:It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper.

9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意為“喜歡做某事”,如:Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前壹種句型側重具體的壹次性的動作;後壹種句型側重習慣性的動作,試比較:

Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.

10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.後應接動詞不定式,如:

Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)

11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為“把某物給某人看”,該句型的用法同前面第2點。如:

Show your friend your family photo.(L36)/Show your family photo to your friend.

12.introduce sb. to sb. 意為“把某人介紹給另壹人”;introduce to sb.則是“向某人作介紹”。如:Introduce your family to her.重點短語快速復習

1.kinds of 各種各樣的

2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……

3. neither…nor…既不……也不……

4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中國清茶

5. take a seat 就坐

6. home cooking 家常做法

7. be famous for 因……而著名

8. on ones way to在……途中

9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院

10. at the end of在……的盡頭,在……的末尾

11. wait for 等待

12. in time 及時

13. make one’s way to…往……(艱難地)走去

14. just then 正在那時

15. first of all 首先,第壹

16. go wrong 走錯路

17. be/get lost 迷路

18. make a noise 吵鬧,喧嘩

19. get on 上車

20. get off 下車

21. stand in line 站隊

22. waiting room 候診室,候車室

23. at the head of……在……的前頭

24. laugh at 嘲笑

25. throw about 亂丟,拋散

26. in fact 實際上

27. at midnight 在半夜

28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快

29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架

30. take one’s temperature 給某人體溫

31. have/get a pain in…某處疼痛

32. have a headache 頭痛

33. as soon as… 壹……就……

34. feel like doing sth. 想要幹某事

35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……幹某事

36. fall asleep 入睡

37. again and again再三地,反復地

38. wake up 醒來,叫醒

39. instead of 代替

40. look over 檢查

41. take exercise運動

42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)幹某事

43. at the weekend 在周末

44. on time 按時

45. out of從……向外

46. all by oneself 獨立,單獨

47. lots of=a lot of 許多

48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再

49. get back 回來,取回

50. sooner or later遲早

51. run away 逃跑

52. eat up 吃光,吃完

53. run after 追趕

54. take sth. with sb. 某人隨身帶著某物

55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well)

(好好)照顧,照料

56. think of 考慮到,想起

57. keep a diary 堅持寫日記

58. leave one by oneself 把某人單獨留下

59. harder and harder 越來越厲害

60. turn on打開(電燈、收音機、煤氣等)

61. turn off 關

重溫重點句型

1.So + be/助動詞/情牽動詞/主語.

前面陳述的肯定情況也適於另壹人(物)時,常用到這種倒裝結構,表示“另壹人(物)也如此。”前面陳述的否定情況也

適於另壹人(物)時,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助動詞/情態動詞+主語.”這種倒裝結構。例如:

He likes playing basketball, and so do I.

他喜歡打籃球,我也喜歡。

Kate can’t speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim.

凱特不會說漢語。吉姆也不會。

註意:“So+主語+be/助動詞/情態動詞.”這壹句型常用於表示贊同,進壹步肯定對方的看法,表示“的確如此。”

“是呀。”例如:

壹Basketball is very popular game in America.

籃球在美國是壹項很受歡迎的運動。

壹So it is.的確如此。

2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.

這壹指路的句型意為“在第壹/二/……個十字路口向右/左拐。”相當於Take the first /second/…turning on the

right/left.

例如:

壹Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office?

妳能告訴我去最近的郵局的路嗎?

壹Walk along this road,and turn left at the third crossing.

沿著這條路走,在第三個路口向左拐。

3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.

此句型表示“幹某事花了某人壹段時間。”其中的it是形式主語,後面的動詞不定式(短語)才是真正的主語。例如:

It took me half an hour to finish the hard work.完成這項艱巨的工作花了我半個小時。

4.…think/find + it + adj. + to do sth.

此句型中的it是形式賓語,不可用其它代詞替代,形容詞作賓語的補足語,後面的動詞不定式(短語)才是真正的賓語。例如:

I found it important to learn English well.

我發現學好英語很重要。

5.What’s wrong with…?

此句型相當於What’s the matter/ trouble with…?後跟某物作賓語時,意為“某物出什麽毛病了?”後跟某人作賓語時,意為

“某人怎麽了?”例如:

-What’s wrong with your bike?妳的自行車出什麽毛病了?

壹It’s broken.它壞了。

-What’s wrong with you?妳怎麽了?

壹I have a pain in my head.我頭痛。

6.too…to…

在so…that…復合句中,that後的句子是否定句時,常與簡單句too…to…(太……而不能……)進行句型轉換。例如:

He is so young to go to school.(改為簡單句)

→He is too young to go to school.

在so…that…復合句中,that後的句子是肯定句時,常與簡單句…enough to…進行句型轉換。例如:

This maths problem was so easy that we could work it out. (改為簡單句)

→This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out.

7.Sorry to hear that.

全句應為I’m sorry to hear that. 意為“聽到此事我很難過(遺憾)。”常用於對別人的不幸表示同情、遺憾之意。例如:

—My mother is ill, so I have to look after her at home.

我母親病了,因此我必須在家照看她。

—Sorry to hear that.

聽到此事我很難過。

重點句型、詞組大盤點

1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她過去是壹位漢語老師。

[用法] used to + 動詞原形,表示過去經常性的動作或存在的狀態,含有現在不再如此之意。

[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do.

[比較] used to do sth. 過去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 習慣於做某事;be used to do sth. 被用來做某事。

[舉例]

1) I used to read in bed.

我過去總是躺在床上看書。

2)Did he use to work into the night? 或 Used he to work into the night?

他以前總是工作到深夜嗎?

3)I am used to getting up early.

我習慣早起。

4)Knives are used to cut things.

刀是用來削東西的。

2.…return it sooner or later.

……遲早要將它歸還。

[用法]

l)sooner or later意為“遲早”、“早晚”。

2)return此處用作及物動詞,意為“歸還”,相當於give back.

[拓展]return還可用作不及物動詞,意為“返回”,相當於go back或come back。

[舉例]

l)He will find his shortcoming sooner or later.

他遲早會發現他的缺點的。

2)When will you return to your hometown? 什麽時候回老家?

nbsp;3)I have returned the book to the library. 我已經把書還給圖書館了。

3.No matter what the weather is like…無論天氣……

[用法]no matter what 相當於whatever,其意為“無論什麽”,引導狀語從句。

[拓展]類似no matter what的表達方式還有:

no matter when無論什麽時候

nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where無論什麽地方

no matter who無論誰

no matter how 無論怎麽樣

[舉例]

l)No matter what he does,nbsp; he always tries to do it well.

無論做什麽事,他總是力求做好。

2)No matter what happens, I will take your side.

無論發生什麽事,我都將支持妳。

3)No matter who gives a talk, we shall listen carefully.

無論誰做報告,我們都應當認真聽。

4)No matter how he goes to work, he is never late.

無論怎麽樣去上班,他從不遲到。

4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green. 壹位年經人與格林先生練習講英語。

[用法]practise doing sth. 表示“實踐、練習(做)某事”。

[拓展]practice名詞,“實踐”、“實施”、“練習”;put a plan into practice實行某計劃。

[舉例]

l)The boy practised making a new sound. 那男孩練習發出新的聲音。

2)She practised the piano two hours every day.

她每天練習兩個小時的鋼琴。

3)We have laid the plan and now we must put it into practice. 我們已經制訂出計劃,現在必須實施。

5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.

他鼓勵大家參加保護我們的湖泊、河流和海洋的活動。

[用法]

1)encourage用作動詞,意思是“鼓勵”、“支持”。

2)take part in“參加”,常表示參加活動。

3)protect 是動詞,表示“防禦”、“保護”。

[搭配]

1)encourage sb. in sth.

在某事上鼓勵或支持某人

nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.

鼓勵某人幹某事

2)protect sh. from sth.

使某人不受某事侵襲或傷害

[比較]

1)My parents encourage me in my studies.

我父母親經常鼓勵我學習。

2)The school encouraged the students to practise using the computers.

校方鼓勵學生練習使用計算機。

3)Will you take part in the English contest?

妳準備參加英語競賽活動嗎?

4)The vegetables were well protected from the cold.

這些蔬萊被保護得好而沒受凍。

6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人們當心水裏的鯊魚。

[用法] warn用作動詞,意思是“警告”、“警戒”。

[搭配]

1)warn sb.+ that從句

nbsp;nbsp;2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事

3)warn sb. to do sth.

告誡某人做某事

4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.

告誡某人當心某事/不要做某事

[舉例]

1)I warned him that snakes were dangerous. 我警告他,蛇很危險。

2)We are trying to warn children the dangers of smoking.

我們正試圖警告孩子們吸煙的危害。

3)Dr Synes warned me to give up my drinking.

Synes 大夫勸我戒酒。

4)The notice warned people against swimming in the pool.

公告告誡人們不要在池塘裏遊泳。