這句話中，前半句 the institute produced a report that revealed major discoveries about how water and steam and the various metals that boilers were made of interacted裏，the institute produced a report是主句， that 作為引導詞引導的定語從句修飾report，在定語從句that revealed major discoveries about how water and steam and the various metals that boilers were made of interacted中，that是主語，revealed是謂語，major discoveries是賓語，about是定語修飾discoveries，about後面那個句子比較復雜，that boilers were made of是water and steam and the various metals 的定語，意思是：構成鍋爐的水、水蒸氣及各種金屬，假如把這個定語去掉就很容易理解了： how water and steam and the various metals interacted，水、水蒸氣及各種金屬是如何相互作用的。
後半句就比較容易理解了，the report included strong recommendations 是主句，for setting standards 是定語修飾recommendations，而for manufacturing, maintaining, and inspecting boilers是定語修飾standards，意思是：制造、維護及檢測鍋爐的標準。
2. 第壹個詞應該是the而不是he吧？
翻譯：1965年和1977年的燈火管制揭示了全世界基礎電網設施不堪負荷而崩潰，並且導致了那些系統的改革和減負，從那以後（這些改革和減負）阻止了如此嚴重的事態發生。
這句話中，主句是：The great blackouts revealed collapsing and led to reforms and redundancies.其中revealed 和led to 並列成為The great blackouts的謂語。 in those systems 是 reforms and redundancies 的定語，that have prevented anything so crippling from happening since這個that 引導的定語從句修飾reforms and redundancies ：reforms and redundancies have prevented anything so crippling from happening（這些改革和減負阻止了如此嚴重的事情發生）。
3. 翻譯：盡管保證輪船的安全本身就是個巨大的成就，但這次行動的意義遠遠不止這些。
這句話中，理解了讓步狀語從句中that 和itself的指代，就不難理解整個句子的含義了。that 和itself都是指make steamboat safe這件事。