當前位置:成語大全網 - 成語詞典 - 求單詞的詞根前綴後綴表

求單詞的詞根前綴後綴表

壹.常見的前綴

1.表示否定意義的前綴

1)純否定前綴

a-, an-, asymmetry(不對稱)anhydrous(無水的)

dis- dishonest, dislike

in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular

ne-, n-, none, neither, never

non-, nonsense

neg-, neglect

un- unable, unemployment

2)表示錯誤的意義

male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失調)

mis-, mistake, mislead

pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience

3)表示反動作的意思

de-, defend, demodulation(解調)

dis-, disarm, disconnect

un-, unload, uncover

4)表示相反,相互對立意思

anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antforeign,(排外的)

contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, countercurrent (逆流)

counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance

ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy

with-, withdraw, withstand

2. 表示空間位置,方向關系的前綴

1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”

aboard, aside,

2)by- 表示“附近,鄰近,邊側”

bypath, bypass(彎路)

3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周圍,環繞,回轉”

circumstance, circuit

4)de-, 表示“在下,向下”

descend, degrade

5)en-, 表示“在內,進入”

encage, enbed(上床)

6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外”

exit, eclipse, expand, export

7)extra-, 表示“額外”

extraction (提取)

8)fore- 表示“在前面”

forehead, foreground

9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向內,在內,背於”

inland, invade, inside, import

10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……間,相互”

international, interaction, internet

11)intro-, 表示“向內,在內,內側”

introduce, introduce

12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中,中間”

Mediterranean, midposition

13)out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”

outline, outside, outward

14)over-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”

overlook, overhead, overboard

15)post-, 表示"向後,在後邊,次”

postscript(附言),

16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”

prefix, preface, preposition

17)pro-, 表示“在前,向前”

progress, proceed,

18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面,下”

subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement

19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”

superficial, surface, superstructure

20)trans-, 表示“移上,轉上,在那壹邊”

translate, transform, transoceanic

21)under-, 表示“在…..下面,下的”

underline, underground, underwater

22)up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上”

upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)

3. 表示時間,序列關系的前綴

1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前,早於,預先”

antecedent, anticipate,

2)ex-, 表示“先,故,舊”

expresident, exhusband

3)fore-, 表示“在前面,先前,前面”

foreward, dorecast, foretell(預言)

4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中,中間”

midnight, midsummer

5)post-"表示“在後,後”

postwar,

6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前,事先,預先”

preheat, prewar, prehistory

7)pro-, 表示“在前,先,前”

prologue(序幕),prophet(預言家)

8)re-, 表示“再壹次,重新”

retell, rewrite

4. 表示比較程度差別關系的前綴

1)by-, 表示“副,次要的”

byproduct, bywork(副業)

2)extra-,表示“超越,額外”

extraordinary,

3)hyper- 表示“超過,極度”

hypersonic(超聲波), hypertesion(高血壓)

4)out-,表示“超過,過分”

outdo(超過), outbid(出價過高的人)

5)over-,表示“超過,過度,太”

overeat, overdress, oversleep

6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低,次,副,亞”

subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亞熱帶)

7)super-, sur- 表示“超過”

supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass

8)under-,表示“低劣,低下”

undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生產不足)

9)vice- 表示“副,次”

vicepresident, vicechairman

5. 表示***同,相等意思的前綴

1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“***同,壹起”。

connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate

2)syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同,***,和,類”

symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)

6. 表示整個完全意思的前綴

1)al- 表示“完整,完全”alone, almost,

2) over-表示“完全,全”overall, overflow(充滿)

3) pan-表示“全,總,萬”panentheism(泛神論),panorama

7. 表示分離,離開意思的前綴

1)a- ab-, abs-,表示“分離,離開” away, apart, abstract, abstain

2)de- 表示“離去,處去”depart, decolour,

3)dis-, di-, dif-, 表示“分離,離開” divorce, disarm(繳械)

4)ex-, e-, 表示“離開,分離”expel, exclude, expatriate(驅出國外)

5)for- 表示“離開,脫離”forget, forgive

6)表示“離開”release, resolve

7)表示“分離,隔離”separate, seduce, select

8. 表示通過,遍及意思的前綴

1)dia-,表示“通過,橫過”diameter, diagram,

2)per-, pel-, 表示“通,總,遍”perfect, perform, pervade(浸透)

3)trans-, 表示“橫過,貫通”transparent, transmit, transport

9. 表示加強意思的前綴

a-, arouse, ashamed

ad-, adjoin, adhere( 粘著)

10. 表示變換詞類作用的前綴

be-, befriend,

en-, enslave, enable, enrich

ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign(委派)

11. 表示數量關系的前綴

1)表示“單壹”,“壹”

mon-, mon-, monotone(單調),monopoly, monarch

uni-, un-, uniform, unicellular(單細胞)

2)表示“二,兩,雙”

ambi-, ambiguous, amphibian(兩棲類)

bi-, bin- bicycle, di-, diode(二級管),

twi-, twilight

3)表示“十”deca, deco-, dec- deci-, decade, decimals

4)表示"百,百分之壹"

hecto-, hect-, hectometer,

centi-, centimeter

5)表示"千,千分子壹” kilo-, kilometer

6)表示"萬,萬分子壹”

myria-, myri-, myriametre

mega-, meg-, megabyte

micro-, microvolt (微伏特)

7)表示"許多,復,多數”

multi-, mult-, multipmetre (萬用表)

poly-, polysyllable,

8)表示“半,壹半”

hemi-, hemisphere

demi-, demiofficial

semi-, semiconductor, semitransparent

pene-, pen-, peninsula

12. 表示特殊意義的前綴

1)arch-, 表示“首位,第壹的,主要的”architect, archbishop

2)auto-, 表示“自己,獨立,自動”automobile, autobiography

3)bene-, 表示“善,福”benefit

4)eu-, 表示“優,美好”eugenics(優生學),euphemism

5)male-, mal- 表示“惡,不良”maltreatment, malodor,

6)macro-, 表示“大,宏大”macroscopic(宏觀)

7)magni-, 表示“大”magnificent

8)micro-, 表示“微”microscope

13. 表示術語的前綴

1)aud-, 表示“聽,聲”audience,

2)bio-, 表示“生命,生物”biography(傳記)

3)ge-, 表示“地球,大地”geography

4)phon-, 表示“聲,音調”phonograph

5)tele-, 表示“遠離”television, telephone

二.常見的後綴

1. 名詞後綴

(1) 具有某種職業或動作的人

1)-an, -ain, 表示"……地方的人,精通……的人”American, historian,

2)-al, 表示"具有……職務的人" principal,

3)-ant,-ent, 表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student,

4)-ar, 表示"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler

5)-ard, -art, 表示"做……的人”coward, laggard, braggart(誇張者)

6)-arian, 表示"……派別的人, ……主義的人”humanitarian, vegetarian

7)-ary, 表示"從事……的人" secretary, missionary

8)-ant, 表示"具有……職責的人" candidate, graduate

9)-ator, 表示"做……的人" educator, speculator(投機者)

10)-crat, 表示"某種政體,主義的支持者" democrat, bureaucrat

11)-ee, 表示"動作承受者" employee, examinee

12)-eer, 表示"從事於……人" engineer, volunteer

13)-er, 表示"從事某種職業的人, 某地區,地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager

14)-ese, 表示" ……國人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese

15)-ess, 表示"陰性人稱名詞, actress, hostess, manageress

16)-eur, 表示"……家” amateur, littérateur

17)-ian, 表示"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,從事……職業的人”Christian, physician(內科醫生),musician

18)-ician, 表示"精通者, ……家,”electrician, magician, technician

19)-icist, 表示"……家, …….者, …….能手”physicist, phoneticist, technicist

20)-ic, 表示"……者,……師" mechanic, critic

21)-ie, 表示"愛,指小" dearie, auntie, lassie(小姑娘)

22)-ier, 表示"從事……職業” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黃銅匠)

23)-ine, ian, 表示"陰性人稱" heroine, ballerina

24)-ist, 表示"從事……研究者,信仰……主義者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist

25)-ive, 表示"動作者,行為者” native, captive

26)-logist, 表示"……學家,研究者" biologist, geologist(地質學家)

27)-or, 表示"……者" author, doctor, operator,

28)-ster, 表示"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(賭徒),songster

29)-yer, 表示" 從事……職業者” lawyer

(2). 構成,具有抽象名詞的含義

1)-acy, 表示"性質,狀態,境遇" accuracy, diplomacy

2)-age, 表示"狀態,行為,身份及其結果,總稱" courage, storage, marriage

3)-al, a) 表示"事物的動作,過程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval

b) 表示具體的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal

4)-ance, -ence表示"性質,狀況,行為,過程,總量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience

5)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性質,狀態,行為,過程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,

6)-bility, 表示"動作,性質,狀態" possibility, feasibility,

7)-craft, 表示"工藝,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft(治國策)

8)-cracy, 表示"統治,支配" bureaucracy, democracy

9)-cy, 表示"性質,狀態,職位,級別" bankruptcy(破產),supremacy

10)-dom, 表示"等級,領域,狀態" freedom, kingdom, wisdom

11)-ery, -ry, 表示"行為,狀態,習性" bravery, bribery, rivalry

12)-ety, 表示"性質,狀態” variety, dubiety(懷疑)

13)-faction, -facture, 表示"作成,……化,作用" satisfaction, manufacture

14)-hood, 表示"資格,身份, 年紀,狀態" childhood, manhood, falsehood

15)-ice, 表示"行為,性質,狀態" notice, justice, service

16)-ine, 表示"帶有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine

17)-ing, 表示"動作的過程,結果" building, writing, learning

18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行為的過程,結果,狀況" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression_r, correction

19)-ise, 表示"性質,狀態” exercise, merchandise(商業)

20)-ism, 表示"制度,主義,學說,信仰,行為" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism

21)-ity, 表示"性質,狀態,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity

22)-ment, 表示"行為,狀態,過程,手段及其結果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument

23)-mony, 表示"動作的結果,狀態" ceremony, testimony

24)-ness, 表示"性質,狀態,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

25)-or, -our, 表示"動作,性質,狀態" favor, error,

26)-osity, 表示"動作,狀態” curiosity

27)-ship, 表示"情況,性質,技巧,技能及身份,職業” hardship, membership, friendship

28)-th, 表示"動作,性質,過程,狀態" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

29)-tude, 表示"性質,狀態,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)

30)-ure, 表示"行為,結果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手續),

31)-y, 表示"行為的結果,狀態,性質” glory, history, victory, inquiry

(3) 帶有場所,地方的含義

1)-age, 表示"住所,地點" village, cottage

2)-ary, 表示"住所,場地" library, granary (谷倉)

3)-ery, ry, 表示"工作場所,飼養所,地點" laundry, nursery, surgery(手術室)

4)-ory, 表示"工作場所,住處" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory

(4) 帶有學術,科技含義

1)-grapy, 表示"……學,寫法” biography, calligraphy, geography

2)-ic, ics, 表示"……學……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics

3)-ology, 表示"……學……論”biology, zoology, technology(工藝學)

4)-nomy, 表示"……學……術" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生態學)

5)-ery, 表示"學科,技術" chemistry, cookery, machinery

6)-y, 表示"……學,術,法” photography, philosophy

(5) 表示人和事物的總和,集合含義

1)-age, baggage, tonnage

2)-dom, newspaperdom(新聞界)

3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood

4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(內閣)

5)-ure, legislature, judicature

(6) 表示物品和物質名稱的含義

1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant

2)-al, signal, pictorial(畫報)

3)ar, collar, pillar(石柱)

4)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker

5)-ery, drapery(綢緞)

6)-ing, clothing, matting,

7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment

(7) 表示“細小”的含義

1)-cle, particle,

2)-cule, molecule(分子)

3)-el, parcel

4)-en, chicken, maiden

5)-et, pocket, ticket

6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短文)

7)-kin, napkin

8)-ling, duckling,

9)-let, booklet

10)-y, baby, doggy

2. 形容詞後綴

(1)帶有“屬性,傾向,相關”的含義

1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible

2)-al, natural, additional, educational

3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican

4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent

5)-ar, similar, popular, regular

6)-ary, military, voluntary

7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,

8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine

9)-ing, moving, touching, daring

10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish

11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive

12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory

13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(文雅的)

(2) 表示“相象,類似”的含義

1)-ish, boyish, childish

2)-esque, picturesque

3)-like, manlike, childlike

4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

5)-some, troublesome, handsome

6)-y, milky, pasty

(3) 表示“充分的”含義

1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

3)-ent, violent,

(4) 表示由某種物質形成,制成或生產的含義

1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen

2)-ous, gaseous

3)-fic, scientific

(5) 表示方向的含義

1)-ern, eastern, western

2)-ward, downward, forward

(6) 表示“倍數”的含義

1)-ble, double, treble

2)ple, triple

3)-fold, twofold, tenfold

(7) 表示“數量關系”的含義

1)-teen, thirteen

2)-ty, fifty

3)-th, fourth, fiftieth

(8) 表示國籍,語種,宗教的含義

1)-an, Roman, European

2)-ese, Chinese,

3)-ish, English, Spanish

(9) 表示“比較程度”的含義

1)-er, greater

2)-ish, reddish, yellowish

3)-est, highest

4)-most, foremost, topmost

(10)其他的含義

-less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless

3. 動詞後綴

1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,變成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize

2)-en, 表示"使成為,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden

3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish

5)-ate, 表示“成為……,處理,作用” separate, operate, indicate

4. 副詞後綴

1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply

2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward

3)-ways, always, sideways

4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise

三.常見的詞根

1) aer, ar, 含義是“空氣,大氣” aeroplane, aerial,

2) ag, act, ig, 含義是“做,動作” active, agent, reaction,

3) alt, 含義是“高”, altitude,

4) alter, altern, altr, 含義是“其它,變更” alternate,

5) bio, bi, bion, 含義是“生物,生命” biology, bionics(仿生學)

6) brev, bri, brief, 含義是“短” brief, abbreviation, abridge(節略)

7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含義是“取,獲” capture, except, concept, capacity

8) ced, ceed, cess, 含義是“行,讓步” proceed, succeed, excess(過度)

9) centr, centr, 含義是“中心” concentrate, eccentric(偏心的)

10) clain, clam, 含義是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim

11) clos, clud, 含義是“閉合” conclude, enclose, include

12) col, cult, 含義是“耕耘” colony, cultivate, agriculture

13) cor, cord, 含義是“心” cordial, record, accord

14) curr, cur, cour, 含義是“跑,動作” current, occur, concurrence(同時發生)

15) dic, dict, 含義是“說,示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict

16) doc, doct, 含義是“教” doctor, document

17) duc, duct含義是“引導,傳導” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推論)

18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含義是“做,創造” factory, effect, profit, faculty, perfect

19) fend, fens, 含義是“打,擊” defence, offence

20) fer, 含義是“搬運,移轉” ferry, transfer, defer(遲延)

21) fin, finit, 含義是“終,極” final, finish, confine

22) firm, 含義是“堅固” firm, confirm, affirm(斷定)

23) fix, 含義是“固定” prefix, affix(附加)

24) flect, flex, 含義是“彎曲” flexible, reflex

25) flor, flour, flower, 含義是“花” flower, flourish

26) form, 含義是“形” uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform

27) forc, fort, 含義是“力,強度” force, enforce, effort

28) gen, genit, 含義是“生產,發生” generate, generation

29) gram, graph, 含義是“書寫,記錄” telegram, diagram, photograph

30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含義是“步,階段” gradually, degree, progress

31) hab, habit, hibit, 含義是“保持,住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit

32) her, hes, 含義是“粘附” adhere, cohesion

33) ject, jet, 含義是“拋射” project, inject

34) jour, 含義是“日,壹天” journal(日記), journey, adjourn(延期)

35) jug, junct, 含義是“結合,連合” conjunction, junction(連合)

36) labour, labor, 含義是“勞動,工作” labourer, elaborate, collaborate

37) lect, leg, lig, 含義是“挑選,采集” collect, select, lecture

38) lif, liv, 含義是“生活,生存” life, alive, live

39) loc, 含義是“場所,位置” 1ocation, dislocate(脫位)

40) long, leng, ling, 含義是“長的” length, prolong, linger

41) loqu, locut, 含義是“說話” colloquial, eloquent,

42) mand, mend, 含義是“命令” command, demand, recommend

43) man, manu, 含義是“手,手法” manage, manual

44) memor, menber, 含義是“記憶” memory, remember, memorial

45) mind, ment, 含義是“心” mind, remind, mental

46) merc, merch, 含義是“貿易” commerce, merchant

47) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含義是“測量,度量” measure, meter, diameter

48) min, 含義是“小” diminish, minority

49) miss, mit, 含義是“派遣,送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile

50) mob, mot, mov, 含義是“動” movement, motion, mobile, remove

51) nect, nex, 含義是“捆紮” connect, disconnect, annex(合並)

52) not, 含義是“記號,註意” note, denote, annotation(註釋)

53) onom, onym, 含義是“名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous

54) pair, par, 含義是“a)相同,對等b)準備” compare, prepare

55) pel, puls, 含義是“追逐” expel, impel(推進)

56) pend, pens, pond, 含義是“懸掛” depend, independent, expense(支付)

57) phon, 含義是“聲音” symphony, telephone, microphone

58) plac, 含義是“位置,場所” place, replace

59) peopl, popul, publ, 含義是“人民,民眾” public, republic, popular, people

60) port, 含義是“搬運” export, import, deport(輸送)

61) press, 含義是“壓,壓制” pressure, express, oppress, impression

62) prob, proof, prov, 含義是“實驗,驗證” prove, approve,

63) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含義是“尋找,探問” inquiry, question, inquisition(調查,追究)

64) rang, rank, 含義是“排列” arrange, rank,

65) rect, right, rig, 含義是“正,直” correct, direct, erect

66) riv, 含義是“河流,流遠”,river, arrive, derive

67) rupt, 含義是“破壞,毀壞” eruption, bankrupt, corruption

68) sci, 含義是“認識,知識” science, conscious

69) scrib, script, 含義是“書寫,記錄” describe, script

70) sens, sent, 含義是“感覺,情感” sensation, sentiment

71) sign, 含義是“標記,符號” signal, signature, design

72) sembl, simil, 含義是“相似,類似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化)

73) soci, 含義是“結合,社交” social, association

74) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含義是“看,視” inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect

75) struct, 含義是“建築,構造” structure, construct, instruct, destruction

76) tect, teg, 含義是“遮蔽,掩蓋” detect, protect

77) temp, tens, 含義是“時間,時機” tense, contemporary, temporal

78) tend, tes, tent, 含義是“傾向, 伸張” tendency, intension, extend, intend

79) test, 含義是“證明,證實” testify, protest, contest(爭論)

80) text, 含義是“編織, 構成” textile, texture, context

81) tract, trail, 含義是“拖拉,吸引” attract, tractor, abstract, contract(收縮)

82) tribut, 含義是“給予” contribution, distribute

83) us, ut, 含義是“用,使用” usable, utilize, abuse

84) vac, van, 含義是“空,虛” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空)

85) vad, vas, wad, 含義是“走,去” invade, wade, evade(逃避)

86) vers, vert, 含義是“旋轉,反轉” convert, inversion(倒轉), reverse, divert(使轉向)

87) vid, vis, vey, view, 含義是“觀看,看見” television, visible, evident, interview, survey

88) viv, vit, 含義是“生,活” vivid, vital, survival,

89) war, ward, 含義是“註意,保護” aware, wary(謹慎), ward(守護)

90) way, 含義是“路” way, away, subway, always

/s/blog_5d182b470100ayfk.html