同理,英文小說、詩歌、戲劇的寫作中,也會合理運用修辭,讓文章語言層次更豐富,表達更生動。
今天,美國英文學院(American Academy of English,簡稱AAE)將對6種英語常用的修辭手法進行分析,讓大家了解修辭運用的規律,提高分析英語文章表達技巧的能力。
1. 明喻Simile /sml/
明喻是將具有***性的不同事物作對比。說明本體事物“像”喻體事物,在本體和喻體之間存在明顯的喻詞,例如like, as, as if, as though, as…as…, seem, similar to, such as等等。
舉例1:詞組
to spend money like water 揮金如土
as hard as a rock 堅如磬石
as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂壹樣忙碌
as clear as crystal清如水晶
舉例2:句子
(1)He drove as if possessed by the devil.
他著魔似地駕車狂奔。
(2)It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.
它那長長的葉子在風中擺動,好像伸出纖細的手指去觸摸什麽東西似的。
其實,明喻不僅能應用在文學類著作,也能應用在科技類論著中,把抽象事物具體化,把深奧的道理說得通俗易懂。
例句:
Bacteria are so small that a single round one of a common type is about 1/25,000 of an inch across when these bacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only as large as a pencil point.
細菌是這樣小,壹種普通類型的圓形細菌直徑大約只有1/25,000英寸。這種細菌放大壹千倍看起來也只有鉛筆尖那麽大。
細胞放大圖
2. 隱喻/暗喻Metaphor /mtf/
隱喻/暗喻,是根據兩個事物的某些***同特征,用壹事物去暗示另壹事物,本體和喻體間沒有明顯的比喻詞,但常常用be來做連接,也可以將be理解為喻詞,有時也會用become, turn into等詞,是指在暗中打比方。
舉例1:隱喻成語
to teach fish to swim班門弄斧
to plow the sands白費力氣
between the devil and the deep sea進退兩難
舉例2:句子
(1)He has a heart of stone.
他鐵石心腸。
(2)Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
希望是壹頓豐盛的早餐,但它是壹頓糟糕的晚餐。
(3)Jane’ s uncle is an old fox, up to all kinds of evils.
簡的叔叔是個老狐貍,什麽壞事都幹的出來。